Skip to main content

Using Census data to derive a new area-based measure of deprivation - References

References

Allik, M., Brown, D., Dundas, R. & Leyland, A. (2016). Developing a new small-area measure of deprivation using 2001 and 2011 census data from Scotland. Health and Place, 39, pp 122-130 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.03.006

Australian Bureau of Statistics (2016). Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA) Technical Paper. Available at https://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/756EE3DBEFA869EFCA258259000BA746/$File/SEIFA%202016%20Technical%20Paper.pdf

Carstairs, V & Morris, R. (1989). Deprivation: Explaining differences in mortality between Scotland and England and Wales. British Medical Journal, 299(6704), pp 886-889 doi: 10.1136/bmj.299.6704.886

Christie, S. & Fone, D. (2003). Does car ownership reflect socioeconomic disadvantage in rural areas? A cross-sectional geographical study in Wales, UK. Public Health, 117(2), pp 112-116 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0033-3506(02)00027-6

Commission on Widening Access (2016). Technical paper on measures and targets. Available at https://www.gov.scot/binaries/content/documents/govscot/publications/progress-report/2016/03/blueprint-fairness-final-report-commission-widening-access/documents/00496620-pdf/00496620-pdf/govscot%3Adocument/00496620.pdf

Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (2021). ‘2011 Rural Urban Classification lookup tables for all geographies’. Available at https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/2011-rural-urban-classification-lookup-tables-for-all-geographies

Francis-Devine, B. (2021). Average earnings by age and region. Available at https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-8456/

Gordon, D. (1995). Census based deprivation indices: their weighting and validation. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 49(Suppl 2), pp S39-S44 doi 10.1136/jech.49.suppl_2.s39

HM Government (2014). An evidence review of the drivers of child poverty for families in poverty now and for poor children growing up to be poor adults. Available at https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/285389/Cm_8781_Child_Poverty_Evidence_Review_Print.pdf

Joseph Rowntree Foundation (2015). Housing and poverty. Available at https://www.jrf.org.uk/sites/default/files/jrf/migrated/files/housing-poverty-roundup-full.pdf

Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (2019). ‘English indices of deprivation 2019’. Available at https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/english-indices-of-deprivation-2019

Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (2020). English Housing Survey: Headline report, 2019-20. Available at https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/945013/2019-20_EHS_Headline_Report.pdf

National Records of Scotland (2011). ‘Output area 2011 to Data Zones and Intermediate Zones 2011’. Available at https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/geography/our-products/census-datasets/2011-census/2011-indexes

National Records of Scotland (2015). Census geography comparison with England and Wales. Available at https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files/geography/2011-census/geography-bckground-info-comparison-of-thresholds.pdf

National Records of Scotland (2021b). ‘2011 Census table data: Output Area 2011’. Available at https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/2011-census-table-data-output-area-2011/

Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (2013a). ‘Northern Ireland Super Output Areas’. Available at https://www.nisra.gov.uk/support/geography/northern-ireland-super-output-areas

Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (2013b). ‘Small area Look-up Tables and Guidance Documents’. Available at https://www.nisra.gov.uk/publications/small-area-look-tables-and-guidance-documents

Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (2017). ‘Northern Ireland Multiple Deprivation Measure 2017 (NIMDM 2017)’. Available at https://www.nisra.gov.uk/publications/nimdm17-soa-level-results

Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (2019). NISRA Geography Fact Sheet. Available at https://www.ninis2.nisra.gov.uk/public/documents/NISRA%20Geography%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf

Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (2021). ‘2011 Census Key Statistics’. Available at https://www.nisra.gov.uk/statistics/2011-census/results/key-statistics

Office for National Statistics (2001). ‘NS-SEC by highest level of qualification’. Available at https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/datasets/cs114/view?geography=2092957699&c_nssec=0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9&c_hlqpuk11=0,1,2,3,4,5,6&rows=c_nssec&cols=c_hlqpuk11&tools=hidden

Office for National Statistics (2014). Assessing accuracy of responses (Census Quality Survey). Available at https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20160108085257/http:/www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/census/2011/census-data/2011-census-user-guide/quality-and-methods/assessing-accuracy-of-responses--census-quality-survey-/index.html

Office for National Statistics (2015). 2011 Census UK Comparability. Available at https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/app/uploads/2011censusesukcomparabilityreport.pdf

Office for National Statistics (2018a). ‘Output area to region (December 2011) lookup in England’. Available at https://geoportal.statistics.gov.uk/datasets/ons::output-area-to-region-december-2011-lookup-in-england/explore

Office for National Statistics (2018b). ‘Output area to lower layer super output area to middle layer super output area to local authority district (December 2011) lookup in England and Wales’. Available at https://geoportal.statistics.gov.uk/datasets/ons::output-area-to-lower-layer-super-output-area-to-middle-layer-super-output-area-to-local-authority-district-december-2011-lookup-in-england-and-wales/about

Office for National Statistics (2018c). ‘The mean and median gross weekly and gross hourly earnings measured by highest education qualification.’ Available at https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/labourproductivity/adhocs/008042themeanandmediangrossweeklyandgrosshourlyearningsmeasuredbyhighesteducationqualification

Office for National Statistics (2020). ‘Income estimates for small areas, England and Wales.’ Available at https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/smallareaincomeestimatesformiddlelayersuperoutputareasenglandandwales 

Office for National Statistics (2021a). Census geography. Available at https://www.ons.gov.uk/methodology/geography/ukgeographies/censusgeography

Office for National Statistics (2021b). ‘2011 Census: Bulk Data Download (Release 2)’. Available at https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/bulk/r2_2#KeyStatistics

Office for National Statistics (2022). ‘The effect of taxes and benefits on household income, disposable income estimate – Financial year ending 2021’. Available at https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/personalandhouseholdfinances/incomeandwealth/datasets/householddisposableincomeandinequality

Office for Statistics Regulation (2019). Exploring the public value of statistics about post-16 education and skills in England. Available at https://osr.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/post-16-education-and-skills-in-England-SR-April-2019.pdf

Scottish Government (2014). ‘Income and poverty modelled estimates’. Available at https://statistics.gov.scot/data/income-and-poverty-modelled-estimates

Scottish Government (2018). Equality Statement: Scottish Budget 2019-20. Available at https://www.gov.scot/binaries/content/documents/govscot/publications/impact-assessment/2018/12/equality-fairer-scotland-budget-statement-scottish-budget-2019-20/documents/scottish-budget-2019-20-equality-fairer-scotland-statement/scottish-budget-2019-20-equality-fairer-scotland-statement/govscot%3Adocument/00544000.pdf

Scottish Government (2019a). ‘2011 Data Zone Lookup’. Available at https://statistics.gov.scot/data/data-zone-lookup

Scottish Government (2019b). Scottish Household Survey 2018: annual report. Available at https://www.gov.scot/publications/scotlands-people-annual-report-results-2018-scottish-household-survey/pages/7/

Scottish Government (2020). ‘Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2020v2 – ranks’. Available at https://www.gov.scot/publications/scottish-index-of-multiple-deprivation-2020v2-ranks/

The Health Foundation (2020). Living in poverty was bad for your health long before covid-19. Available at https://www.health.org.uk/publications/long-reads/living-in-poverty-was-bad-for-your-health-long-before-COVID-19

Townsend, P. (1987). Deprivation. Journal of Social Policy, 16(2), pp 125-146 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047279400020341

UK Data Service (2022). Census Forms. Available at https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/learning-hub/census/about-uk-censuses/census-forms/

Welsh Government (2015). Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation 2014: A guide to analysing deprivation in rural areas. Available at https://gov.wales/sites/default/files/statistics-and-research/2019-05/welsh-index-of-multiple-deprivation-2014-a-guide-to-analysing-deprivation-in-rural-areas.pdf

Welsh Government (2019). ‘Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation (full index update with ranks): 2019’. Available at https://gov.wales/welsh-index-multiple-deprivation-full-index-update-ranks-2019

Welsh Government (2020). What factors are linked to people living in households that are in material deprivation? Available at https://www.gov.wales/sites/default/files/statistics-and-research/2020-03/what-factors-are-linked-to-people-living-in-households-that-are-in-material-deprivation.pdf

Welsh Government (2023). Poverty and deprivation (National Survey for Wales): April 2021 to March 2022. Available at https://www.gov.wales/sites/default/files/pdf-versions/2023/2/4/1677139488/poverty-and-deprivation-national-survey-wales-april-2021-march-2022.pdf

Yousaf, S. & Bonsall, A. (2017). UK Townsend Deprivation Scores from 2011 census data. Available at https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/statistics.digitalresources.jisc.ac.uk/dkan/files/Townsend_Deprivation_Scores/UK%20Townsend%20Deprivation%20Scores%20from%202011%20census%20data.pdf

 

Next: Appendix

Share