Introduction - Resources 2005/06
This publication is one of four reference volumes published annually by the Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA). HESA is a company limited by guarantee, and is owned by the United Kingdom (UK) higher education sector through the representative bodies Universities UK and GuildHE (formerly the Standing Conference of Principals). HESA collects data from publicly-funded higher education institutions (HEIs) in the UK on behalf of funding bodies and government departments, in a framework underpinned by legislation.
This volume brings together information about the finances and the staff of HEIs during the academic year 2005/06 that is, the period 1 August 2005 to 31 July 2006. It covers data supplied by 168 HEIs (131 in England, 131 in Wales, 20 in Scotland, 4 in Northern Ireland); one of the English HEIs, The University of Buckingham, is a non-publicly-funded institution voluntarily providing data to HESA. The data collection procedure is uniform across all institutions, regardless of size, nature and location. Tabulations are included that record and analyse income and expenditure, and the characteristics of staff, at the sector level in the printed volume, and on the CD also at the institutional level.
The other reference volumes published by HESA are as follows.
Students in Higher Education Institutions. This volume draws on HESA’s collection of data about students in HEIs. It includes information at the institutional level about entry qualifications, programmes taken and outcomes, together with background variables such as age, gender, ethnicity and disability. Data on HE provision in further education colleges (FECs) is not included in this volume except for students funded indirectly through HEIs, in which case it is reported by the HEI through which funding passes.
Destinations of Leavers from Higher Education. This volume draws on the Destinations of Leavers from HE (DLHE) survey and provides information about patterns of employment and further study or training at a point about six months after completion. DLHE covers leavers from part-time as well as full-time programmes.
Higher Education Statistics for the United Kingdom. This is the only HESA reference volume that currently falls within the National Statistics framework, and it accordingly carries the National Statistics logo as well as that of HESA. It provides an overview of higher education in the UK from a statistical perspective, including statistics about applications, participation, institutional finance, staffing, student awards and loans. To achieve this broad coverage, this volume draws on data collected by other bodies as well as HESA, and in particular includes some information about directly funded HE provision in further education colleges.
HESA also publishes annually two Statistical First Releases within the National Statistics framework; the Higher Education Management Statistics at institutional level (on CD up to 2004/05; this material will in future be available through heidi (see below), and will not be published separately); and detailed data for institutional planning purposes on CD (HE Planning Plus and HE Finance Plus). Research Datapacks dealing with specific issues are produced on an occasional basis on CD. The HESA Information Provision Service exists to meet more specialist needs of data users on a bespoke basis. The higher education information database for institutions (heidi) commenced operation in April 2007, and offers a subscription service to institutions and approved HE bodies to allow the interrogation of HESA and other data through the production and export of tabular reports, and their display as charts.
Data protection
In order to comply with the provisions of the Data Protection Act 1998 and the Human Rights Act 1998, HESA implements a strategy in published and released tabulations designed to minimise the risk of disclosure of personal information about any individual. The tabulations in this volume are derived from the HESA non-statutory populations2 and may differ slightly from those published by related statutory bodies or in National Statistics publications. This strategy involves rounding all numbers to the nearest multiple of 5. A summary of this strategy is as follows:
- 0, 1, 2 are rounded to 0
- All other numbers are rounded to the nearest multiple of 5.
So for example 3 is represented as 5, 22 is represented as 20, 3286 is represented as 3285 while 0, 20, 55, 3510 remain unchanged.
This rounding strategy is also applied to total numbers; the consequence of this is that the sum of numbers in each row or column rarely matches the total shown precisely. Note that subject level data calculated by apportionment is also rounded in accordance with this strategy.
Average values, proportions and FTE values prepared by HESA are not usually affected by the above strategy, and are calculated on precise raw numbers.
Percentages calculated on populations which contain 52 or fewer individuals are suppressed and represented as ‘..’ as are averages based on populations of 7 or fewer.
Format of publications
Commencing with the 2002/03 cycle of publications, HESA reference volumes comprise a relatively slim printed volume containing only a limited range of tables, together with a CD, which contains all the remaining data familiar to users from earlier years, supplemented with additional and more detailed tables. The tables on the CD are in Microsoft® Excel 2003 format. This has the further benefit of allowing users to select data from the tables and manipulate how it is displayed. However, arithmetical manipulations should be carried out with caution because of the effect of the rounding strategy described above.
Finance data
This commentary draws attention to some of the headline figures and key points that emerge from the main tables. The information is displayed graphically where appropriate. It should be noted that where comparisons are made between the latest financial year and a previous year, the figures for the previous year are as re-stated in the most recent financial statements available; any exceptions are noted explicitly. They are not therefore necessarily reconcilable with figures for that year published in previous HESA volumes. However, it is understood that all such figures can be reconciled to the published accounts of the institutions.
Because of rounding, published totals in finance tables may differ from the sum of the published figures that contribute to them.
Summary of key points
Balance sheet
Tangible assets have increased by £1,899 million (9.8%).
There has been an increase of £459 million in short-term borrowing and an increase of £346 million in short-term investments.
Income and expenditure
Income during the year amounted to £19.5 billion.
The surplus of income over expenditure was £175 million.
Sources of income
Funding council grants increased by £574 million (8.2%).
The amount of income received from tuition fees and education grants & contracts increased by 6.5%. EU domiciled students (including UK domiciled students) charged full-time HE course standard fees accounted for 32.2% of income from those sources.
Research councils provided 34.4% of research grants & contracts, the largest share of the total.
Expenditure
The £1,337 million (7.4%) rise in total expenditure was the result of broadly similar percentage rises in each of the two large components, staff costs (£726 million, 6.9%) and other operating expenses (£526 million, 8.2%), but there was a slightly larger percentage increase of 10.0% (£88 million) in depreciation, and interest payable fell slightly.
Balance sheet
A comparison of the HE sector’s balance sheet at 31 July 2006 with that at 31 July 2005 (both as stated in the 2005/06 accounts in Table A below) shows a £459 million increase in short-term creditors while amounts due after more than one year have increased by £341 million. There was an increase of £91 million in debtors.
The value of tangible assets has increased by £1,899 million (9.8%), and endowment assets have increased by £337 million (10.6%). Endowments (specific and general) have also increased by £335 million from last year, compared with an increase of £483 million from 2004 to 2005.
A - Balance sheet(#6) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Balance (£ thousands) as at 31 July | ||||
2006 | 2005 | Change | % change | |
Fixed assets | ||||
Intangible assets | 266200 | 241529 | 24671 | 10.2% |
Tangible assets | 21247097 | 19347918 | 1899179 | 9.8% |
Investments | 863064 | 840672 | 22392 | 2.7% |
Total | 22376361 | 20430119 | 1946242 | 9.5% |
Endowment assets | 3520327 | 3183427 | 336900 | 10.6% |
Current assets | ||||
Stock | 86584 | 86682 | -98 | -0.1% |
Debtors | 2383388 | 2292120 | 91268 | 4.0% |
Investments | 2104715 | 1759198 | 345517 | 19.6% |
Cash at bank & in hand | 1339252 | 1130187 | 209065 | 18.5% |
Total | 5913939 | 5268187 | 645752 | 12.3% |
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year | 4706225 | 4246929 | 459296 | 10.8% |
Net current assets | 1207714 | 1021258 | 186456 | 18.3% |
Total assets less current liabilities | 27104402 | 24634804 | 2469598 | 10.0% |
Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year | 3743469 | 3402775 | 340694 | 10.0% |
Provisions for liabilities & charges | 278431 | 298780 | -20349 | -6.8% |
Net assets excluding pension asset/liability | 23082502 | 20933249 | 2149253 | 10.3% |
Pension asset/liability | -2388682 | -2261246 | -127436 | 5.6% |
Net assets including pension asset/liability | 20693820 | 18672003 | 2021817 | 10.8% |
Deferred capital grants | 7013220 | 6141841 | 871379 | 14.2% |
Endowments | ||||
Specific | 2943239 | 2657169 | 286070 | 10.8% |
General | 578281 | 528904 | 49377 | 9.3% |
Total | 3521520 | 3186073 | 335447 | 10.5% |
Reserves | 10159080 | 9344089 | 814991 | 8.7% |
Total | 20693820 | 18672003 | 2021817 | 10.8% |
# see relevant footnote in Notes to tables. |
Income and expenditure
The income of the HE sector totalled £19.5 billion during the financial year to 31 July 2006; this compares with £18.1 billion for the previous year. The surplus of income over expenditure increased from £191 million in 2004/05 to £166 million in 2005/06.
Table B - Total income and expenditure, financial years 2005/06 and 2004/05(#6) | |||
---|---|---|---|
2005/06 | 2004/05 | % change | |
Income | 19503112 | 18141214 | 7.5% |
Expenditure | 19312168 | 17975579 | 7.4% |
Surplus/(deficit) for the year | 190944 | 165635 | 15.3% |
Surplus/deficit as percentage of income | 1.0% | 0.9% | |
# see relevant footnote in Notes to tables. |
To provide the context for these figures, Chart 1 shows the HE sector’s surplus/deficit (re-based and re-calculated as appropriate) for each of the years for which HESA now has data. These are cash figures to which no deflator has been applied. Data were returned to HESA for financial year 1993/94 onwards; figures for these financial years are set out in earlier editions of this volume.
The number of institutions reporting a surplus or breakeven was 120 out of 168 in 2005/06, compared with 109 out of 168 in 2004/053. Deficits in both financial years were reported by 31 institutions.
The final table in this section aggregates figures for institutions funded by each of the four UK countries’ funding councils. It should be noted that in this and other tables, The Open University is counted as an institution based in England, although its funding now includes contributions from other administrations. This year, for the first time, the tables include finance data for The University of Buckingham, which is a non-publicly-funded institution and operates on a different financial year from that standard for the rest of the sector.
Table C - Income and expenditure by UK country(#6) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(£ thousands) | |||||||||
Financial Year 2005/06 | Financial Year 2004/05 | ||||||||
Location of Institution | Income | Expenditure | Surplus/ (deficit) for the year | % of income | Income | Expenditure | Surplus/ (deficit) for the year | % of income | |
England | 16114968 | 15979983 | 134985 | 0.8% | 14964138 | 14846712 | 117426 | 0.8% | |
Wales | 917542 | 902229 | 15313 | 1.7% | 853510 | 836777 | 16733 | 2.0% | |
Scotland | 2064336 | 2035619 | 28717 | 1.4% | 1938480 | 1917267 | 21213 | 1.1% | |
Northern Ireland | 406266 | 394337 | 11929 | 2.9% | 385086 | 374823 | 10263 | 2.7% | |
Total | 19503112 | 19312168 | 190944 | 1.0% | 18141214 | 17975579 | 165635 | 0.9% | |
# see relevant footnote in Notes to tables. |
Income
The table and chart below summarise institutions’ sources of income in terms of proportions contributed by and the growth or otherwise of each source over time.
Table D - Sources of income(#6) | |||
---|---|---|---|
(£ thousands) | |||
2005/06 | 2004/05 | % change | |
Funding council grants | 7544078 | 6969743 | 8.2% |
Tuition fees & education grants & contracts | 4640799 | 4358475 | 6.5% |
Research grants & contracts | 3120606 | 2887947 | 8.1% |
Other income | 3854546 | 3618452 | 6.5% |
Endowment & investment income | 343083 | 306597 | 11.9% |
Total income* | 19503112 | 18141214 | 7.5% |
Share of the above income from joint ventures** | -15674 | -16326 | -4.0% |
Total income less income from joint ventures | 19487438 | 18124888 | 7.5% |
# see relevant footnote in Notes to tables. | |||
* This is the sum of the five preceding components and is comparable with total income as reported in previous years. | |||
** Income from joint ventures can arise as a sub-component within more than one of the components of total income. |
Funding council grants represent a 38.7% proportion of total income. Tuition fees & education grants & contracts represent a 23.8% proportion of total income. These proportions are very close to those for 2004/05. The breakdown in Table D now also shows the component of income arising from joint ventures, and the net income after removing this component.
Funding council grants
Institutional funds for academic and other purposes are allocated primarily by the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE), the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales (HEFCW), the Scottish Funding Council (SFC) and by the Department for Employment and Learning for Northern Ireland (DELNI) acting as a funding agency for the four Northern Ireland higher education institutions. Some funds are also provided in England by the Department of Health (DH) and the Training and Development Agency for Schools (TDA). In relation to some categories of FE teaching funding comes from the Learning and Skills Council (LSC) in England and the National Assembly for Wales (NAW).
Table E - Breakdown of funding council grants 2005/06 | ||
---|---|---|
(£ thousands) | ||
% of total | ||
HE Provision(#7) | ||
Recurrent - teaching | 4992550 | 66.2% |
Recurrent - research | 1543826 | 20.5% |
Recurrent - other (inc. special funding) | 640778 | 8.5% |
Release of deferred capital grants - buildings | 137870 | 1.8% |
Release of deferred capital grants - equipment | 119096 | 1.6% |
FE provision(#8) | 109958 | 1.5% |
Total funding council grants | 7544078 | 100.0% |
# see relevant footnote in Notes to tables. |
Tuition fees and education grants and contracts
The total income for tuition fees & education grants & contracts increased by 6.5% this year to £4.64 billion from £4.36 billion in 2004/05. Income from overseas (non-EU) students provided 32.3% of income in this category.
Table F - Income from tuition fees and education grants and contracts 2005/06 | ||
---|---|---|
(£ thousands) | ||
% of total | ||
HE course fees | ||
Full-time UK & EU domiciled students charged standard fees | 1492928 | 32.2% |
Full-time UK & EU domiciled students charged non-standard fees | 744505 | 16.0% |
Part-time HE course fees | 481053 | 10.4% |
Non-EU domicile students | 1499348 | 32.3% |
Sub-total HE course fees | 4217834 | 90.9% |
Non-credit-bearing course fees | 314601 | 6.8% |
FE course fees | 23035 | 0.5% |
Research training support grants | 85329 | 1.8% |
Total tuition fees & education grants & contracts | 4640799 | 100.0% |
Research grants and contracts
Research grants & contracts increased by 8.1% this year to £3.12 billion from £2.89 billion in 2004/05. The Office of Science and Innovation (OSI) research councils continue to be the largest providers by representing a 34.4% proportion of total research grants & contracts income.
Table G - Income from research grants and contracts 2005/06 | ||
---|---|---|
(£ thousands) | ||
% of total | ||
OSI research councils | 1073372 | 34.4% |
UK based charities | 725665 | 23.3% |
UK central government/local authorities, health & hospital authorities | 576560 | 18.5% |
UK industry, commerce & public corporations | 256423 | 8.2% |
EU government bodies | 219160 | 7.0% |
EU other | 40279 | 1.3% |
Other overseas | 171761 | 5.5% |
Other sources | 57386 | 1.8% |
Total research grants & contracts | 3120606 | 100.0% |
Other income
Income in this category increased by 6.5% this year to £3.85 billion from £3.62 billion in 2004/05.
Table H - Other income 2005/06 | ||
---|---|---|
(£ thousands) | ||
% of total | ||
Other services rendered | ||
UK central government/local authorities, health & hospital authorities, EU government bodies | 432648 | 11.2% |
Other | 779718 | 20.2% |
Sub-total other services rendered | 1212366 | 31.5% |
Residences & catering operations (including conferences) | 1162244 | 30.2% |
Grants from local authorities | 2446 | 0.1% |
Income from health & hospital authorities (excluding teaching contracts for student provision) | 313575 | 8.1% |
Released from deferred capital grants | 87375 | 2.3% |
Income from intellectual property rights | 30815 | 0.8% |
Other operating income | 1045725 | 27.1% |
Total other income | 3854546 | 100.0% |
Expenditure
The 7.4% (£1,337 million) rise in expenditure to £19.3 billion as shown in Table I did not vary greatly as a percentage as between staff costs and other operating expenses, but there was a slightly greater increase in depreciation, and the smallest component, interest payable, fell slightly.
Table I - Expenditure, financial years ending 2005/06 and 2004/05(#6) | |||
---|---|---|---|
(£ thousands) | |||
% of total | |||
Staff costs | 11188241 | 10461801 | 6.9% |
Other operating expenses | 6908704 | 6382450 | 8.2% |
Depreciation | 961211 | 873658 | 10.0% |
Interest payable | 254012 | 257670 | -1.4% |
Total | 19312168 | 17975579 | 7.4% |
# see relevant footnote in Notes to tables. |
The percentage distribution of expenditure by activity within the total as shown in Table J has changed little from the previous year. Academic departments represent a 41.0% proportion of total expenditure and residences and catering operations represent a proportion of just 5.5%.
Table J - Distribution of expenditure by activity 2005/06 | ||
---|---|---|
(£ thousands) | ||
% of total | ||
Academic departments | 7926858 | 41.0% |
Academic services | 1482617 | 7.7% |
Administration & central services | 2606383 | 13.5% |
Premises | 2193385 | 11.4% |
Residences & catering operations (including conferences) | 1058115 | 5.5% |
Research grants & contracts | 2634657 | 13.6% |
Other expenditure | 1410153 | 7.3% |
Total expenditure | 19312168 | 100.0% |
The clinical medicine cost centre and business & management studies cost centre continue to have the largest share of total expenditure on academic departments with 9.9% and 9.7% respectively, spending £788 million and £767 million in 2005/06. The social studies cost centre and nursing & paramedical studies cost centre have a 7.8% and 6.9% share of total expenditure respectively. They spent £617 million and £546 million in 2005/06. These numbers are derived from the Total UK row of Table 2d.
Staff data
The HESA Staff Return for 2005/06 is the third collection using the present form of the record, although data on atypical staff was not collected prior to 2004/05. It is an individualised return. It covers all academic and non-academic staff who have a contract of employment with a higher education institution (HEI) in the UK, or for whom the HEI is liable to pay Class 1 National Insurance contributions. Other staff, such as those employed under consultancy contracts, or on the basis of payment of fees for services but without a contract of employment, are not included in the record.
Within this record, staff designated as ‘academic’ include academic professionals who are responsible for preparing, directing and undertaking academic teaching and research within HE institutions and also medical practitioners, dentists, veterinarians and other health care professionals who undertake lecturing or research activities. By custom and practice, a small number of other staff who do not have direct responsibility for the delivery of either teaching or research, including some institutional officers, are also designated as ‘academic’. All other staff in HEIs are designated as ‘non-academic’, and are grouped in twelve categories. In some tabulations these are combined into three broad-brush groups.
The amount of information collected on individual members of staff depends on the staff category into which they fall. Academic staff are recruited within a national, or indeed international, market, but one that is specialised by subject area. It is of value to be able to identify patterns of career progression as staff move from institution to institution, and to compare staffing resources with teaching and research commitments and funding streams. For such staff, the full record is collected. By contrast, for clerical, secretarial and manual staff, recruitment is from the labour market local to each institution. Although the individual institution may need to monitor its staffing position in considerable detail, the national data requirement is very limited, and is focused mainly on equal opportunities monitoring. For staff in these categories, the data collection is limited to a subset of the fields in the full record.
A key feature of the HESA Staff Record is the format of collection. Data can be analysed in terms of both people and employment contracts. The record consists of two tables. The person table contains one record for each person employed by an institution during the reporting period and contains attributes of the individual such as birth date, gender and ethnicity. Each person’s employment with an institution will be governed by one or more legally-binding contracts and each contract that exists is recorded on the contract table. If a person has a single contract with the institution there will be one record on the person table and one record on the contract table. If a person has three contracts with an institution there will be one record on the person table and three records on the contract table.
Prior to 2003/04, the coverage and structure of HESA data collections on staff were very different, and caution is needed if it is desired to make meaningful comparisons between data from those collections, and from collections for 2003/04 onwards. Reference should be made to the 2003/04 or 2004/05 volumes for more details. From 2003/04 onwards, the only fundamental changes have been the inclusion of atypical staff, starting in 2004/05, and the revision of the cost centres, also introduced for 2004/05. Atypical staff are, broadly speaking, staff on contracts that qualify them for inclusion in the HESA Staff Record, but are not on a full-time or proportionate part-time basis.
Such staff may be found throughout the sector, but form an important component of the total staffing in subject areas such as performing arts and fine art.
Analysis by staff grade is meaningful only where institutions have reported their staff within nationally recognised grade structures, or within internal grade structures that facilitate discrimination on a similar basis. Several institutions, including some large post-1992 universities, report their staff on a single grade structure lacking a separate category for the ‘Professor’ grade. Where this happens, Professors cannot be distinguished from staff on the Senior Lecturer (pre-1992) or Principal Lecturer (post-1992) grade, leading to Professors being zero-counted for those institutions and under-counted for the sector as a whole. This under-counting limits the scope of comparative analyses of the proportion of Professors within particular subject areas, by cost centres, by gender, and so on.
For a limited period after normal data collection, an institution may, when required or approved by the relevant funding body, submit data to the ‘Fixed Database’ through the HESA data collection system, in order to correct material errors in the data originally submitted. Data from this 'Fixed Database' is available about 16 months after the closure of the original data collection. This means that the 'Fixed Database' for the 2005/06 Staff data underlying this volume, will be available from April 2008, and the ‘Fixed Database’ for staff data underlying last year's Resources Reference Volume will be available from April 2007.
Summary of key points
In 2005/06 there were in total 237,920 (2004/05: 234,440; 2003/04: 227,525) full-time staff in the HE sector, of whom 45.6% (45.5%; 44.7%) were female, and 117,495 (111,865; 110,580) part-time staff, of whom 67.8% (67.9%; 68.1%) were female. Also, reported for the first time in 2004/05, there were 165,560 (164,550) atypical staff, of whom 50.7% (49.9%) were female.
Of all academic staff other than atypicals, 41.9% (41.2%; 40.0%) were female; for full time academic staff the proportion was 36.6% (36.1%; 35.1%) and for part-time academic staff, 53.1% (52.1%; 52.2%). The proportion of atypical academic staff who were female was 46.7% (45.3%).
The total (full-person-equivalent) number of academic staff other than atypicals was 164,875 (160,655; 150,230), of whom 111,410 (109,625; 106,900) were full-time, constituting 46.8% (46.8%; 47.0%) of all full-time staff, and 53,465 (51,030; 43,330) were part-time, constituting 45.5% (45.6%; 39.2%) of all part-time staff. There were 80,930 (81,795) atypical academic staff, constituting 48.9% (49.7%) of all atypical staff. The number of full-time academic staff increased by 2.5% between 2003/04 and 2004/05, and by a further 1.6% between 2004/05 and 2005/06.
Of all full-time academic posts, 71.8% (72.0%; 70.6%) were wholly financed by the institutions themselves.
Teaching as a primary employment function was included in 70.9% (71.4%; 71.0%) of full-time and 87.2% (86.3%; 83.0%) of part-time academic posts.
The average age of full-time academic staff was 42.8 (42.7; 42.5), and 40.7% (40.6%; 40.3%) were aged over 45.
Ethnicity was reported for 89.7% (89.5%; 88.1%) of all full- and part-time staff. Of those of known ethnicity, 9.6% (9.2%; 8.9%) were drawn from ethnic minority groups. For academic staff the percentages were 88.5% (88.1%; 86.2%) and 10.7% (10.4%; 10.5%). Both the overall proportion of ethnic minority staff, and the pattern on which different ethnic minority groups were represented, varied considerably by staff group. Ethnicity was reported for 47.7% (40.7%) of atypical staff, and, of those of known ethnicity, 15.7% (15.4%) were from ethnic minority groups.
Disability status was reported for 91.9% (90.5%; 90.4%) of all full- and part-time staff, and of those of known disability status, 2.4% (2.4%; 2.4%) had a disability. For full- and part-time academic staff, the percentages were 91.6% (90.0%; 89.9%) and 2.1% (2.1%; 2.1%). For atypical staff, the percentages were 73.7% (73.0%) and 1.2% (1.0%).
Among full-time academic staff, the proportion of Professors who were female was 16.5% (15.8%; 15.0%); of Senior lecturers & researchers, 30.8% (29.0%; 27.1%); of Lecturers, 42.6% (41.8%; 40.3%) and of Researchers, 42.1% (42.2%; 41.7%).
Of all full-time academic staff, 26.1% (26.0%; 25.7%) were employed in medicine, dentistry, or health.
Of all research-only staff, 84.7% (88.9%; 91.1%) were employed on fixed-term contracts.
General
Table K shows the overall pattern of staffing in UK HEIs, including atypical staff.
Table K - All staff in all UK institutions by activity, mode of employment and gender(#4) 2005/06 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Full-time | Part-time | Atypical | |||||||||
Female | Male | Total | Female | Male | Total | Female | Male | Total | |||
All activities | 108610 | 129305 | 237920 | 79660 | 37835 | 117495 | 83885 | 81230 | 165560 | ||
Managers | 5130 | 6195 | 11325 | 900 | 280 | 1180 | 85 | 150 | 230 | ||
Academic professionals | 40745 | 70665 | 111410 | 28380 | 25085 | 53465 | 37795 | 42875 | 80930 | ||
Non-academic professionals | 9695 | 9360 | 19055 | 3345 | 1200 | 4545 | 4900 | 6050 | 10980 | ||
Laboratory, engineering, building, IT & medical technicians (including nurses) | 6295 | 16480 | 22775 | 2920 | 1280 | 4200 | 1805 | 2665 | 4470 | ||
Student welfare workers, careers advisors, vocational training instructors, personnel & planning officers | 3855 | 1730 | 5580 | 2215 | 435 | 2650 | 3355 | 2110 | 5470 | ||
Artistic, media, public relations, marketing & sports occupations | 2010 | 1845 | 3855 | 835 | 405 | 1235 | 2470 | 1880 | 4355 | ||
Library assistants, clerks & general administrative assistants | 24735 | 7090 | 31825 | 15545 | 3040 | 18585 | 21930 | 15710 | 37665 | ||
Secretaries, typists, receptionists & telephonists | 11275 | 850 | 12125 | 6575 | 380 | 6955 | 2105 | 1595 | 3705 | ||
Chefs, gardeners, electrical & construction trades, mechanical fitters & printers | 595 | 4200 | 4795 | 330 | 225 | 560 | 270 | 340 | 615 | ||
Caretakers, residential wardens, sports & leisure attendants, nursery nurses & care occupations | 1210 | 1645 | 2860 | 1650 | 730 | 2380 | 1280 | 1145 | 2430 | ||
Retail & customer service occupations | 375 | 165 | 540 | 470 | 100 | 570 | 785 | 415 | 1200 | ||
Drivers, maintenance supervisors & plant operatives | 140 | 1060 | 1205 | 125 | 110 | 235 | 160 | 305 | 470 | ||
Cleaners, catering assistants, security officers, porters & maintenance workers | 2550 | 8020 | 10570 | 16375 | 4565 | 20940 | 6940 | 5990 | 13040 | ||
In this table 0, 1, 2 are rounded to 0. All other numbers are rounded up or down to the nearest multiple of 5. | |||||||||||
# see relevant footnote in Notes to tables. |
In 2005/06 (that is, on 1 December 2005) there were in total 237,920 full-time staff, of whom 45.6% were female, 117,495 part-time staff, of whom 67.8% were female, and 165,560 atypical staff, of whom 50.7% were female. Of the full-time staff, 46.8% were academic (group 2 in detailed tabulations), 26.3% were managerial, professional and technical (groups 1, 3, 4, 5, 6), 18.5% were secretarial and clerical (groups 7, 8), and 8.4% were manual (groups 9, 10, 11, 12, 13). The corresponding figures for part-time staff were 45.5%, 11.8%, 21.7% and 21.0%, and for atypical staff, 48.9%, 15.4%, 25.0% and 10.7%. The numbers in Table K are full-person equivalents (headcounts, but apportioned across contracts where there are multiple contracts), not full-time equivalents (FTE; weighted by proportion relative to full-time), and for most purposes it is not useful to compare absolute numbers across the three different modes of employment because of the very different FTE weights involved. An extreme example is given by an atypical member of academic staff giving just a single class in the course of the year, who might have an FTE weight as low as 0.001. Even when comparing percentages of totals, it should be borne in mind that among part-time staff, and to an even greater extent among atypical staff, the FTE weighting of individuals varies greatly and may be correlated with the group into which they fall.
41.9% of all academic staff other than atypicals were female. Women comprised 36.6% of those working full-time and 53.1% of those working part-time. Of atypical academic staff, 46.7% were female.
Table L provides a breakdown of academic staffing in HE excluding atypicals. The reason for this exclusion is that the factors by which numbers are broken down in the rows of this table are not recorded for atypicals, with the exception of gender where the information is available in Table K. The coverage of Table L corresponds fairly closely to that of the table labelled as Table K in Resources volumes up to 2002/03. The non-clinical/clinical split can no longer be made, but from 2003/04 onwards it has become possible to identify staff on fixed-term contracts.
Table L - Summary of academic staff (excluding atypical) in all UK institutions 2005/06 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Full-time | Part-time | Total | |
Mode of employment | 111410 | 53465 | 164875 |
Gender(#4) | |||
Female | 40745 | 28380 | 69125 |
Male | 70665 | 25085 | 95750 |
Source of salary | |||
Wholly institutionally financed | 79985 | 46590 | 126575 |
Other sources of finance | 31430 | 6875 | 38300 |
Academic employment function | |||
Teaching only | 7775 | 33800 | 41575 |
Teaching & research | 71185 | 12825 | 84010 |
Research only | 31020 | 6290 | 37310 |
Neither teaching nor research | 1430 | 550 | 1980 |
Grade | |||
Professors | 14050 | 1455 | 15505 |
Senior lecturers & researchers | 24590 | 3625 | 28215 |
Lecturers | 34975 | 18595 | 53570 |
Researchers | 29260 | 5635 | 34895 |
Other grades | 8540 | 24155 | 32690 |
Terms of employment | |||
Open-ended/permanent | 76425 | 21130 | 97555 |
Fixed-term contract | 34985 | 32335 | 67325 |
In this table 0, 1, 2 are rounded to 0. All other numbers are rounded up or down to the nearest multiple of 5. | |||
# see relevant footnote in Notes to tables. |
In 2005/06, the total number of academic staff other than atypicals employed by UK HEIs was 164,875, of whom 111,410, or 67.6% were in full-time employment. Because of the change from a session population to a 1 December population, these numbers cannot be compared with those published up to 2002/03, either in absolute or proportionate terms.
71.8% of full-time academic posts were wholly financed by the institutions themselves, this proportion rising to 87.1% for part-time posts.
70.9% of full-time academic posts and 87.2% of part-time academic posts included teaching as a primary employment function.
Inflow/outflow of academic staff
Tables 14a and 14b give details of the inflow and outflow of academic staff during the year. For a variety of reasons, it would be extremely difficult to draw out from those tables any easily understood human capital balance sheet for academic staff. Tables Mi and Mii achieve this by presenting numbers on a different basis, for headcount (used only in Tables Mi and Mii) rather than full-person-equivalent (used in all other contexts) academic staff only. This results in numbers that are slightly different from those in Table L. Tables Mi and Mii are not comparable with tables produced prior to 2004/05. Table Mi, for full-time academic staff, is comparable4 with Table M in the volume for 2004/05. Table Mii, for part-time academic staff, is new this year.
Table Mi - Full-time academic staff inflows and outflows 2004/05 to 2005/06 Headcount | |
---|---|
Total | |
Full-time academic staff at 1 December 2004 | 109900 |
Full-time academic staff at 1 December 2004 who are part-time academic at 1 December 2005 | 3215 |
Full-time academic staff at 1 December 2004 who are neither full-time nor part-time academic at 1 December 2005 | 15045 |
of which… | |
Other UK HEI | 1945 |
Not other UK HEI (outflow) | 13105 |
UK | 2055 |
Non-UK | 1115 |
Not in regular employment | 865 |
Retirement | 955 |
Death | 75 |
Other/unknown | 8035 |
Full-time academic staff at 1 December in both years | 91640 |
Full-time academic staff at 1 December 2005 who were neither full-time nor part-time academic at 1 December 2004 | 18060 |
of which… | |
Other UK HEI | 4040 |
Not other UK HEI (inflow) | 14020 |
UK | 6335 |
Non-UK | 3170 |
Not in regular employment | 350 |
Unknown | 4165 |
Full-time academic staff at 1 December 2005 who were part-time academic at 1 December 2004 | 1950 |
Full-time academic staff at 1 December 2005 | 111650 |
In this table 0, 1, 2 are rounded to 0. All other numbers are rounded up or down to the nearest multiple of 5. |
Table Mi involves linkage between the staff records for 2004/05 and 2005/06. Starting from the number of full-time academic staff as at 1 December 2004, the number who can also be identified as full-time at the same institution on 1 December 2005 is determined, as is the number who have moved from full-time to part-time mode at the same institution. The balance is the number that have left their previous institution (or are still there but are no longer full- or part-time academic staff) during the year. Similarly, the number of full-time academic staff as at 1 December 2005 is determined, as is the number who have moved from part-time-to full-time mode at the same institution. From this, the number that have joined their current institution from outside during the year (or become full-time academic staff from some status other than part-time academic staff) is derived. This provides the overall structure of the balance sheet. The (headcount) number of full-time academic staff has increased from 109,900 to 111,650 during the year, an increase of 1.6%. Of those in post as at 1 December 2005, 91,640, or 82.1%, were full-time (and a further 1,950, or 1.7%, were part-time) academic staff at the same institution a year previously (note again that this is not on the same basis as the percentage quoted prior to 2004/05).
Table Mii - Part-time academic staff inflows and outflows 2004/05 to 2005/06 Headcount | |
---|---|
Total | |
Part-time academic staff at 1 December 2004 | 51700 |
Part-time academic staff at 1 December 2004 who are full-time academic at 1 December 2005 | 1950 |
Part-time academic staff at 1 December 2004 who are neither full-time nor part-time academic at 1 December 2005 | 15730 |
of which… | |
Other UK HEI | 430 |
Not other UK HEI (outflow) | 15305 |
UK | 1150 |
Non-UK | 165 |
Not in regular employment | 910 |
Retirement | 370 |
Death | 35 |
Other/unknown | 12665 |
Part-time academic staff at 1 December in both years | 34020 |
Part-time academic staff at 1 December 2005 who were neither full-time nor part-time academic at 1 December 2004 | 16945 |
of which… | |
Other UK HEI | 1750 |
Not other UK HEI (inflow) | 15200 |
UK | 5870 |
Non-UK | 825 |
Not in regular employment | 565 |
Unknown | 7940 |
Part-time academic staff at 1 December 2005 who were full-time academic at 1 December 2004 | 3215 |
Part-time academic staff at 1 December 2005 | 54180 |
In this table 0, 1, 2 are rounded to 0. All other numbers are rounded up or down to the nearest multiple of 5. |
Table Mii provides similar information for part-time academic staff, and is constructed on the same basis with, of course, part-time and full-time modes interchanged as between the two tables. The (headcount) number of part-time academic staff has increased from 51,700 to 54,180 during the year, an increase of 4.8%. Of those in post as at 1 December 2005, 34,020, or 62.8%, were part-time (and a further 3,215, or 5.9%, were full-time) academic staff at the same institution a year previously. These figures show much lower retention rates for part-time staff than for full-time staff, and, within institutions, more movement from full-time to part-time than in the reverse direction.
Although these tables also give breakdowns of starters and leavers, regrettably the very large proportion of unknowns, particularly in the case of leavers, means that no conclusions can safely be drawn from the breakdowns. For example, leavers going to other institutions in the HE sector and starters coming from other institutions in the HE sector might be expected to balance across the sector, although moves between full-time and part-time status will make this balance only approximate within each mode, but under-reporting has resulted in widely different numbers. For the same reason, it is unsafe to draw any conclusions about the ‘brain drain/gain’.
Atypical academic staff are, by definition, employed on a basis that makes it inappropriate to construct such a table for them.
Age of academic staff
Table N presents the age distribution of full-time academic staff by grade. It corresponds to Table Ni in the volumes for 2003/04 and 2004/05; Table Nii no longer appears as from 2005/06.
Table N - Full-time academic staff by grade and age 2005/06 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Professors | Senior lecturers & researchers | Lecturers | Researchers | Other grades | Total | |
25 & under | 0 | 5 | 275 | 2140 | 415 | 2835 |
26-30 | 10 | 230 | 2755 | 9340 | 885 | 13225 |
31-35 | 105 | 1515 | 6365 | 7840 | 960 | 16780 |
36-40 | 815 | 3950 | 6660 | 4345 | 1040 | 16810 |
41-45 | 2025 | 4950 | 5795 | 2475 | 1120 | 16370 |
46-50 | 2705 | 4570 | 4960 | 1430 | 1210 | 14875 |
51-55 | 3260 | 4365 | 4310 | 935 | 1390 | 14260 |
56-60 | 3565 | 3740 | 2995 | 535 | 1145 | 11985 |
61-65 | 1490 | 1225 | 815 | 180 | 300 | 4010 |
66+ | 75 | 35 | 35 | 30 | 50 | 230 |
Unknown | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 20 | 35 |
Total | 14050 | 24590 | 34975 | 29260 | 8540 | 111410 |
In this table 0, 1, 2 are rounded to 0. All other numbers are rounded up or down to the nearest multiple of 5. |
Of those staff whose age was known, 40.7% were aged over 45 and 12.8% were aged between 51 and 55. 36.3% of senior lecturers & researchers were aged between 46 and 55, and 48.6% of professors were aged between 51 and 60. 80.9% of researchers were aged 40 years or under.
The average age of full-time academic staff was 42.8 and of part-time staff, 44.3 [from Table 23a]. The average age of atypical academic staff was 40.5 [from Table 23b].
Ethnicity of all staff
In years up to 2002/03, information on ethnicity was available only for full- and part-time academic staff, but from 2003/04 it has been possible to show the position for all types of staff, and from 2004/05 the coverage by mode extends to atypical staff as well as full- and part-time staff. In Table P ethnicity is shown broken down by the four broad-brush staff groups and by mode of employment. The layout is the same as that used for 2004/05, and is designed to facilitate comparisons with the corresponding table for 2003/04. The presentation of ethnicity data in this introductory section is not now limited to those of UK nationality, and this should be borne in mind if comparisons are made with figures published for years prior to 2003/04.
Table P - All staff by ethnicity and mode of employment 2005/06 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Staff of known ethnicity | Staff of known ethnicity as a percentage of total staff | Ethnic minority staff | Ethnic minority staff as a percentage of staff of known ethnicity | |
All staff (excluding atypical) | 355415 | 318740 | 89.7% | 30520 | 9.6% |
Academic staff | 164875 | 145915 | 88.5% | 15550 | 10.7% |
Full-time | 111410 | 101425 | 91.0% | 11635 | 11.5% |
Part-time | 53465 | 44490 | 83.2% | 3910 | 8.8% |
Non-academic staff total | 190540 | 172825 | 90.7% | 14970 | 8.7% |
Full-time | 126510 | 116705 | 92.3% | 9045 | 7.8% |
Part-time | 64030 | 56120 | 87.6% | 5925 | 10.6% |
Managerial, professional and technical staff | 76405 | 70290 | 92.0% | 5085 | 7.2% |
Full-time | 62595 | 57795 | 92.3% | 4190 | 7.3% |
Part-time | 13815 | 12500 | 90.5% | 895 | 7.1% |
Clerical staff | 69485 | 64085 | 92.2% | 5690 | 8.9% |
Full-time | 43950 | 41290 | 94.0% | 3635 | 8.8% |
Part-time | 25540 | 22795 | 89.3% | 2050 | 9.0% |
Manual staff | 44645 | 38450 | 86.1% | 4195 | 10.9% |
Full-time | 19965 | 17620 | 88.3% | 1215 | 6.9% |
Part-time | 24680 | 20825 | 84.4% | 2980 | 14.3% |
Atypical staff | 165560 | 79015 | 47.7% | 12370 | 15.7% |
Academic | 80930 | 34960 | 43.2% | 4105 | 11.7% |
Non-academic | 84630 | 44055 | 52.1% | 8265 | 18.8% |
Managerial, professional and technical staff | 25505 | 14300 | 56.1% | 2055 | 14.4% |
Clerical staff | 41370 | 19955 | 48.2% | 4080 | 20.4% |
Manual staff | 17755 | 9795 | 55.2% | 2135 | 21.8% |
In this table 0, 1, 2 are rounded to 0. All other numbers are rounded up or down to the nearest multiple of 5. Percentages are not subject to rounding. |
Of all full- and part-time staff, 89.7% reported their ethnicity. The response rate did not vary greatly by staff group and mode of employment. Among staff of known ethnicity, the proportion from ethnic minority groups varied considerably, with greater representation among academic staff at 10.7% than among non-academic staff at 8.7%.
Ethnicity was reported for only 47.7% of atypical staff. This low proportion is probably a consequence of the newness of the reporting requirement, with institutional staff record systems not yet fully adapted to collect the necessary data at the time of appointment and retrospective collection from staff on such contracts being impracticable. It may be expected to increase substantially in future, and has already increased from 40.7% in 2004/05. Of those atypical staff of known ethnicity, 15.7% were from ethnic minority groups.
Charts 3i to 3iv show the percentages of those from ethnic minorities represented by each visible ethnic minority group, for each of these four groups of full- and part-time staff. Charts 3v and 3vi show the position for atypical staff, broken down between academic and non-academic staff. The pattern in each group is noticeably different.
Disability of all staff
Table Q presents information on disability in the same style as Table P; again, coverage now extends to all staff groups and is not limited to those of UK nationality.
Table Q - All staff by disability status and mode of employment 2005/06 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Staff of known disability status | Staff of known disability status as a percentage of total staff | Staff declared disabled | Disabled staff as a percentage of staff with known disability status | |
All staff (excluding atypical) | 355415 | 326515 | 91.9% | 7850 | 2.4% |
Academic staff | 164875 | 150990 | 91.6% | 3195 | 2.1% |
Full-time | 111410 | 103340 | 92.8% | 2130 | 2.1% |
Part-time | 53465 | 47650 | 89.1% | 1065 | 2.2% |
Non-academic staff total | 190540 | 175525 | 92.1% | 4655 | 2.7% |
Full-time | 126510 | 117790 | 93.1% | 3150 | 2.7% |
Part-time | 64030 | 57735 | 90.2% | 1505 | 2.6% |
Managerial, professional & technical staff | 76405 | 71490 | 93.6% | 2000 | 2.8% |
Full-time | 62595 | 58660 | 93.7% | 1620 | 2.8% |
Part-time | 13815 | 12825 | 92.9% | 380 | 3.0% |
Clerical staff | 69485 | 63950 | 92.0% | 1585 | 2.5% |
Full-time | 43950 | 40935 | 93.1% | 975 | 2.4% |
Part-time | 25540 | 23015 | 90.1% | 610 | 2.6% |
Manual staff | 44645 | 40090 | 89.8% | 1070 | 2.7% |
Full-time | 19965 | 18195 | 91.1% | 555 | 3.0% |
Part-time | 24680 | 21895 | 88.7% | 515 | 2.4% |
Atypical staff | 165560 | 122055 | 73.7% | 1470 | 1.2% |
Academic | 80930 | 60065 | 74.2% | 645 | 1.1% |
Non-academic | 84630 | 61990 | 73.3% | 825 | 1.3% |
Managerial, professional & technical staff | 25505 | 21440 | 84.1% | 225 | 1.1% |
Clerical staff | 41370 | 27800 | 67.2% | 390 | 1.4% |
Manual staff | 17755 | 12750 | 71.8% | 215 | 1.7% |
In this table 0, 1, 2 are rounded to 0. All other numbers are rounded up or down to the nearest multiple of 5. Percentages are not subject to rounding. |
Disability status was reported for 91.9% of all full- and part-time staff. Of those of known disability status, 2.4% had a disability. For full- and part-time academic staff, the percentages were 91.6% and 2.1%. For atypical staff the percentages were 73.7% and 1.2%
Funding, grade, and gender of full-time academic staff
Table R - Full-time academic staff in all UK institutions by source of salary, grade and gender(#4) 2005/06 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Source of salary | |||
Wholly institutionally financed | All other sources of finance | Total | |
Professors | 12730 | 1325 | 14050 |
Female | 2080 | 240 | 2320 |
Male | 10650 | 1085 | 11730 |
Senior lecturers & researchers | 22085 | 2505 | 24590 |
Female | 6615 | 960 | 7575 |
Male | 15470 | 1545 | 17015 |
Lecturers | 31885 | 3090 | 34975 |
Female | 13435 | 1465 | 14900 |
Male | 18445 | 1625 | 20075 |
Researchers | 6350 | 22905 | 29260 |
Female | 2685 | 9645 | 12330 |
Male | 3665 | 13265 | 16930 |
Other grades | 6935 | 1600 | 8540 |
Female | 2855 | 765 | 3620 |
Male | 4080 | 835 | 4915 |
Total | 79985 | 31430 | 111410 |
In this table 0, 1, 2 are rounded to 0. All other numbers are rounded up or down to the nearest multiple of 5. | |||
# see relevant footnote in Notes to tables. |
Among full-time academic staff, 90.6% of professors, senior lecturers & researchers, and lecturers were wholly institutionally funded, with very little variation across these grades, whereas 21.7% of researchers were wholly institutionally funded. Within each grade there was very little variation by gender in the proportion of full-time academic staff who were wholly institutionally funded.
The proportion of full-time professors who were female was 16.5%; of senior lecturers & researchers, 30.8%; of lecturers, 42.6%; and of researchers, 42.1%.
Cost centre distribution of full-time academic staff
Table S - Full-time academic staff in all UK institutions by source of salary, gender(#4) and departmental cost centre 2005/06 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wholly institutionally financed | All other sources of finance | ||||||
Female | Male | Total | Female | Male | Total | ||
Cost centres | 27670 | 52310 | 79985 | 13075 | 18355 | 31430 | |
Medicine, dentistry & health | 7995 | 7850 | 15845 | 6985 | 6260 | 13245 | |
Agriculture, forestry & veterinary science | 375 | 825 | 1205 | 225 | 240 | 460 | |
Biological, mathematical & physical sciences | 2240 | 8810 | 11050 | 3065 | 5920 | 8985 | |
Engineering & technology | 1735 | 9785 | 11520 | 820 | 3705 | 4525 | |
Architecture & planning | 365 | 1255 | 1620 | 95 | 160 | 255 | |
Administrative, business & social studies | 6220 | 11855 | 18075 | 935 | 1100 | 2040 | |
Humanties & language based studies & archaeology | 3525 | 5225 | 8745 | 425 | 480 | 910 | |
Design, creative & performing arts | 1500 | 2695 | 4195 | 70 | 80 | 150 | |
Education | 2960 | 3005 | 5965 | 340 | 240 | 580 | |
Academic services | 325 | 300 | 625 | 45 | 75 | 120 | |
Administration & central services | 425 | 700 | 1125 | 65 | 90 | 155 | |
Premises | 5 | 5 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Residences & catering | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
In this table 0, 1, 2 are rounded to 0. All other numbers are rounded up or down to the nearest multiple of 5. | |||||||
# see relevant footnote in Notes to tables. |
36.8% of female and 20.0% of male full-time academic staff worked in medicine, dentistry & health. The biological, mathematical & physical science departments accounted for 20.8% of male full-time academic staff.
45.5% of full-time academic staff in medicine, dentistry & health and 44.8% in biological, mathematical & physical sciences were financed other than wholly by the institutions themselves. Cost centre groups with the fewest partially or wholly externally funded full-time academic staff were in the areas of design, creative and performing arts (3.4%), education (8.9%), humanities and language based studies and archaeology (9.4%) and administrative, business and social studies (10.1%). The Definitions at the end of this volume describe the current cost centre groups, some of which differ from those used prior to 2004/05.
Pattern of employment of academic staff
Table T - Academic staff (excluding atypical) in all UK institutions by academic employment function, gender(#4), mode and terms of employment 2005/06 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Full-time | Part-time | ||||||
Open-ended/ permanent | Fixed-term contract | Total | Open-ended/ permanent | Fixed-term contract | Total | ||
Teaching only | 5395 | 2385 | 7775 | 11640 | 22160 | 33800 | |
Female | 2650 | 1150 | 3800 | 6095 | 10895 | 16990 | |
Male | 2740 | 1235 | 3975 | 5545 | 11265 | 16810 | |
Teaching & research | 65295 | 5885 | 71185 | 8360 | 4470 | 12825 | |
Female | 21050 | 2430 | 23480 | 5030 | 1930 | 6960 | |
Male | 44245 | 3460 | 47705 | 3330 | 2535 | 5865 | |
Research only | 4730 | 26290 | 31020 | 975 | 5315 | 6290 | |
Female | 1800 | 11145 | 12940 | 705 | 3420 | 4125 | |
Male | 2935 | 15145 | 18080 | 270 | 1900 | 2170 | |
Neither teaching nor research | 1005 | 425 | 1430 | 155 | 390 | 550 | |
Female | 375 | 150 | 525 | 115 | 190 | 305 | |
Male | 630 | 275 | 905 | 40 | 200 | 245 | |
Total | 76425 | 34985 | 111410 | 21130 | 32335 | 53465 | |
In this table 0, 1, 2 are rounded to 0. All other numbers are rounded up or down to the nearest multiple of 5. | |||||||
# see relevant footnote in Notes to tables. |
At 84.7% for full-time staff and 84.5% for part-time staff, fixed-term contracts were the norm among research-only staff regardless of mode of employment, although these percentages have fallen since 2004/05. Among staff who had teaching responsibilities, the figures were 10.5% and 57.1% respectively, so fixed-term contracts were far commoner for part-time than for full-time teaching staff. For female staff who had teaching responsibilities, the figures were 13.1% and 53.6% respectively, so the proportion of full-time female teaching staff on fixed-term contracts was somewhat higher than that of male staff, whereas there was little difference in relative terms in the proportions for part-time staff.
81.3% of teaching-only staff were part-time, compared with 16.9% for research-only staff and 15.3% for staff with both teaching and research duties.
1 The number of Welsh institutions in this volume is different from the number reported in some other HESA products because of the inclusion of finance and staff data from The University of Wales (central functions), reported under the name ‘The University of Wales Registry’ prior to 2004/05.
2 Non-statutory publications omit any contribution from individuals who have notified HESA of their wish to be excluded in circumstances such as the publication of the present volume where inclusion is not defined as a requirement by the bodies whose statutory powers underpin HESA data collection.
3 In previous volumes, this comparison was made on previously published figures, not on figures calculated from re-stated accounts. This year it has been brought into line with the overall policy of using re-stated accounts. The number of institutions reported as being in balance or surplus in the 2004/05 volume was 124. The figure for institutions in deficit in both years has always been calculated from re-stated accounts.
4 There is a very small discrepancy between the 1 December 2004 figures in Table Mi in this volume and in Table M in the 2004/05 volume. This results from a few cases where the same individual (probably with a joint appointment) was counted in 2004/05 at two separate institutions that have subsequently merged.