Introduction - Resources 2007/08
This publication is one of four reference volumes published annually by the Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA). HESA is a company limited by guarantee, and is owned by the United Kingdom (UK) higher education sector through the representative bodies Universities UK and GuildHE. HESA collects data from publicly-funded higher education institutions (HEIs) in the UK on behalf of funding bodies and government departments, in a framework underpinned by legislation.
This volume brings together information about the finances and the staff of HEIs during the academic year 2007/08 that is, the period 1 August 2007 to 31 July 2008. It covers data supplied by 166 HEIs (131 in England, 122 in Wales, 19 in Scotland, 4 in Northern Ireland); one of the English HEIs, The University of Buckingham, is a non-publicly-funded institution voluntarily providing data to HESA. The data collection procedure is uniform across all institutions, regardless of size, nature and location. Tabulations are included that record and analyse income and expenditure, and the characteristics of staff, at the sector level in the printed volume, and on the CD also at the institutional level.
For a limited period after the completion of normal data collection, an institution may, when required or approved to do so by the relevant funding body, submit data to the ‘Fixed Database’ through the HESA data collection system, in order to correct material errors in the data originally submitted and included in the ‘Collection Database’. Data from the ‘Fixed Database’ for the 2007/08 finance and staff data collections on which this volume is based will be available from September 2009. Although some corrections are applied to the funding models used by the funding bodies prior to general availability of the ‘Fixed Database’, this volume is based entirely on the ‘Collection Database’.
The other reference volumes published by HESA are as follows.
Students in Higher Education Institutions. This volume draws on HESA’s collection of data about students in HEIs. It includes information at the institutional level about entry qualifications, programmes taken and outcomes, together with background variables such as age, gender, ethnicity and disability. Data on HE provision in further education colleges (FECs) is not included in this volume except for students funded indirectly through HEIs, in which case it is reported by the HEI through which funding passes.
Destinations of Leavers from Higher Education. This volume draws on the Destinations of Leavers from HE (DLHE) survey and provides information about patterns of employment and further study or training at a point about six months after completion. DLHE covers leavers from part-time as well as full-time programmes.
Higher Education Statistics for the United Kingdom. This is the only HESA reference volume that currently falls within the National Statistics framework, and it accordingly carries the National Statistics logo as well as that of HESA. It provides an overview of higher education in the UK from a statistical perspective, including statistics about applications, participation, institutional finance, staffing, student awards and loans. To achieve this broad coverage, this volume draws on data collected by other bodies as well as HESA, and in particular includes some information about directly funded HE provision in FECs.
HESA also publishes annually two Statistical First Releases within the National Statistics framework. Detailed data for institutional planning purposes is published on CD (HE Planning Plus and HE Finance Plus). Research Data Packs dealing with specific issues are produced on an occasional basis on CD. The HESA Information Provision Service exists to meet more specialist needs of data users on a bespoke basis. The Higher Education Information Database for Institutions (heidi) commenced operation in April 2007, and offers a subscription service to institutions and approved HE bodies to allow the interrogation of HESA and other data through the production and export of tabular reports, and their display as charts.
Data protection
In order to comply with the provisions of the Data Protection Act 1998 and the Human Rights Act 1998, HESA implements a strategy in published and released tabulations designed to minimise the risk of disclosure of personal information about any individual. The tabulations in this volume are derived from the HESA non-statutory populations3 and may differ slightly from those published by related statutory bodies or in National Statistics publications. This strategy involves rounding all numbers to the nearest multiple of 5. A summary of this strategy is as follows:
- 0, 1, 2 are rounded to 0
- All other numbers are rounded to the nearest multiple of 5.
So for example 3 is represented as 5, 22 is represented as 20, 3286 is represented as 3285 while 0, 20, 55, 3510 remain unchanged.
This rounding strategy is also applied to total numbers; the consequence of this is that the sum of numbers in each row or column rarely matches the total shown precisely. Note that subject level data calculated by apportionment is also rounded in accordance with this strategy.
Average values, proportions and FTE values prepared by HESA are not usually affected by the above strategy, and are calculated on precise raw numbers.
Percentages calculated on populations which contain 52 or fewer individuals are suppressed and represented as ‘..’ as are averages based on populations of 7 or fewer.
Data on financial affairs of higher education institutions does not fall within the definition of 'personal data' under the Data Protection Act 1998, and is therefore exempt from the above provisions.
Format of publications
Commencing with the 2002/03 cycle of publications, HESA reference volumes now comprise a relatively slim printed volume containing only a limited range of tables, together with a CD, which contains all the remaining data familiar to users from earlier years, supplemented with additional and more detailed tables. The tables on the CD are in Microsoft® Excel 2003 format. This has the further benefit of allowing users to select data from the tables and manipulate how it is displayed. However, arithmetical manipulations should be carried out with caution because of the effect of the rounding strategy described above.
Finance data
This commentary draws attention to some of the headline figures and key points that emerge from the main tables. The information is displayed graphically where appropriate. It should be noted that where comparisons are made between the latest financial year and a previous year, the figures for the previous year are as re-stated in the most recent financial statements available; any exceptions are noted explicitly. They are not therefore necessarily reconcilable with figures for that year published in previous HESA volumes. However, it is understood that all such figures can be reconciled to the published accounts of the institutions.
Because of rounding, published totals in finance tables may differ from the sum of the published figures that contribute to them.
Summary of key points
Balance sheet
- Tangible assets have increased by £1,965 million (8.5%)
- There has been an increase of £534 million in short-term borrowing and an increase of £644 million in short-term investments.
Income and expenditure
- Income during the year amounted to £23.4 billion
- The surplus of income over expenditure was £491 million.
Sources of income
- Funding body grants increased by £503 million (6.3%)
- The amount of income received from tuition fees and education contracts increased by 15.7%. Income from full-time Home/EU domiciled undergraduate students provided 45.2% of the income in this category, and that from overseas (non-EU) students provided 30.1%
- Research Councils provided 36.5% of research grants and contracts, the largest share of the total.
Expenditure
- The £1,868 million (8.9%) rise in total expenditure was largely the result of broadly similar percentage rises in each of the two large components, staff costs (£979 million, 8.1%) and other operating expenses (£754 million, 10.0%).
Balance sheet
A comparison of the HE sector’s balance sheet at 31 July 2008 with that at 31 July 2007 (both as stated in the 2007/08 accounts in Table A below) shows a £534 million increase in short-term creditors while amounts due after more than one year have increased by £651 million. There was an increase of £88 million in debtors.
The value of tangible assets has increased by £1,965 million (8.5%), whereas endowment assets have fallen by £280 million (a loss of 7.4%).4
Table A - Balance sheet(#5) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Balance (£ thousands) as at 31 July | ||||
2008 | 2007 | Change | % change | |
Fixed assets | ||||
Intangible assets | (14766) | (16656) | 1890 | (11.3%) |
Tangible assets | 24975426 | 23010266 | 1965160 | 8.5% |
Investments | 1093962 | 1223730 | (129768) | (10.6%) |
Investments in joint ventures: share of gross assets | 141957 | 92499 | 49458 | 53.5% |
Investments in joint ventures: share of gross liabilities | (102346) | (78670) | (23676) | 30.1% |
Total | 26094233 | 24231169 | 1863064 | 7.7% |
Endowment assets | 3520478 | 3800830 | (280352) | (7.4%) |
Current assets | ||||
Stock | 93568 | 109551 | (15983) | (14.6%) |
Debtors | 2590697 | 2502896 | 87801 | 3.5% |
Investments | 3259581 | 2616079 | 643502 | 24.6% |
Cash at bank & in hand | 1826603 | 1407477 | 419126 | 29.8% |
Total | 7770449 | 6636003 | 1134446 | 17.1% |
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year | 5718726 | 5184565 | 534161 | 10.3% |
Net current assets/(liabilities) | 2051723 | 1451438 | 600285 | 41.4% |
Total assets less current liabilities | 31666434 | 29483437 | 2182997 | 7.4% |
Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year | 4723651 | 4072530 | 651121 | 16.0% |
Provisions for liabilities & charges | 326394 | 328081 | (1687) | (0.5%) |
Net assets excluding pension asset/(liability) | 26616389 | 25082826 | 1533563 | 6.1% |
Net pension asset/(liability) | (2891833) | (1681207) | (1210626) | 72.0% |
Net assets including pension asset/(liability) | 23724556 | 23401619 | 322937 | 1.4% |
Deferred capital grants | 8673901 | 7881912 | 791989 | 10.0% |
Endowments(#11) | ||||
Expendable | 931970 | |||
Permanent | 2588587 | |||
Total | 3520557 | 3801053 | (280496) | (7.4%) |
Reserves | 11530098 | 11718654 | (188556) | (1.6%) |
Total funds | 23724556 | 23401619 | 322937 | 1.4% |
# see relevant footnote in Notes to tables |
Income and expenditure
The income of the HE sector totalled £23.4 billion during the financial year to 31 July 2008; this compares with £21.3 billion for the previous year. The surplus of income over expenditure increased from £218 million in 2006/07 to £491 million in 2007/08.
Table B - Income and expenditure, financial years 2007/08 and 2006/07(#5) | |||
---|---|---|---|
(£ thousands) | |||
2007/08 | 2006/07 | % change | |
Total income | 23439626 | 21255048 | 10.3% |
Net income* | 23376336 | 21234216 | 10.1% |
Expenditure | 22884979 | 21016635 | 8.9% |
Surplus/(deficit) for the year** | 491357 | 217581 | 125.8% |
Surplus/(deficit) as percentage of net income | 2.1% | 1.0% | |
# see relevant footnote in Notes to tables | |||
* Net income excludes income from joint ventures | |||
** Surplus/(deficit) is calculated as net income minus expenditure |
To provide the context for these figures, Chart 1 shows the HE sector’s surplus/deficit (re-based and re-calculated as appropriate) for each of the last 10 years. These are cash figures to which no deflator has been applied. Data were returned to HESA for financial year 1993/94 onwards; figures for these financial years are set out in earlier editions of this volume.
The number of institutions reporting a surplus or breakeven was 137 out of 166 in 2007/08, compared with 117 out of 166 in 2006/07. Deficits in both financial years were reported by 21 institutions.
The final table in this section aggregates figures for institutions funded by each of the four UK countries’ funding councils. It should be noted that in this and other tables, The Open University is counted as an institution based in England, although its funding now includes contributions from other administrations. The tables include finance data for The University of Buckingham, which is a non-publicly-funded institution in England and operates on a different financial year from the 1 August to 31 July financial year standard for the rest of the sector.
Table C - Income and expenditure by UK country(#5) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(£ thousands) | |||||||||||
Financial Year 2007/08 | Financial Year 2006/07 | ||||||||||
Location of Institution | Total income | Net income* | Expenditure | Surplus/(deficit) for the year** | % of net income | Total income | Net income* | Expenditure | Surplus/ (deficit) for the year** | % of net income | |
England | 19400191 | 19338749 | 18944327 | 394422 | 2.0% | 17555107 | 17538391 | 17395507 | 142884 | 0.8% | |
Wales | 1091778 | 1090160 | 1060829 | 29331 | 2.7% | 1003100 | 999195 | 976100 | 23095 | 2.3% | |
Scotland | 2481940 | 2481720 | 2437659 | 44061 | 1.8% | 2261570 | 2261369 | 2226146 | 35223 | 1.6% | |
Northern Ireland | 465717 | 465707 | 442164 | 23543 | 5.1% | 435271 | 435261 | 418882 | 16379 | 3.8% | |
Total | 23439626 | 23376336 | 22884979 | 491357 | 2.1% | 21255048 | 21234216 | 21016635 | 217581 | 1.0% | |
# see relevant footnote in Notes to tables | |||||||||||
* Net income excludes income from joint ventures | |||||||||||
** Surplus/(deficit) is calculated as net income minus expenditure |
Income
The table and chart below summarise institutions’ sources of income in terms of proportions contributed by and the growth or otherwise of each source over time.
Table D - Sources of income(#5) | |||
---|---|---|---|
(£ thousands) | |||
2007/08 | 2006/07 | % change | |
Funding body grants | 8507989 | 8005096 | 6.3% |
Tuition fees & education contracts | 6253998 | 5404725 | 15.7% |
Research grants & contracts | 3721881 | 3378011 | 10.2% |
Other income | 4447967 | 4059699 | 9.6% |
Endowment & investment income | 507791 | 407517 | 24.6% |
Total income* | 23439626 | 21255048 | 10.3% |
Share of the above income from joint ventures ** | (63290) | (20832) | 203.8% |
Net income (total income less income from joint ventures) | 23376336 | 21234216 | 10.1% |
# see relevant footnote in Notes to tables | |||
* This is the sum of the five preceding components and is comparable with total income as reported in previous years. | |||
** Income from joint ventures can arise as a sub-component within more than one of the components to total income. |
Funding body grants represent a 36.3% proportion of total income. Tuition fees & education contracts represent a 26.7% proportion of total income. Compared to 2006/07, the first of these proportions has fallen by 1.4% and the second has risen by 1.3%. The breakdown in Table D also shows the component of income arising from joint ventures, and the net income after removing this component.
Funding body grants
Institutional funds for academic and other purposes are allocated primarily by the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE), the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales (HEFCW), the Scottish Funding Council (SFC) and by the Department for Employment and Learning for Northern Ireland (DEL(NI)) acting as a funding agency for the four Northern Ireland higher education institutions. Some funds are also provided in England by the Department of Health (DH) and the Training and Development Agency for Schools (TDA). In relation to some categories of FE teaching funding comes from the Learning and Skills Council (LSC) in England and the Welsh Assembly Government (WAG).
Table E - Breakdown of funding body grants 2007/08 | ||
---|---|---|
(£ thousands) | ||
% of total | ||
HE Provision(#6) | ||
Recurrent (teaching) | 5604682 | 65.9% |
Recurrent (research) | 1762155 | 20.7% |
Recurrent - other (inc. special funding) | 679417 | 8.0% |
Release of deferred capital grants - buildings | 198246 | 2.3% |
Release of deferred capital grants - equipment | 152773 | 1.8% |
FE provision(#7) | 110716 | 1.3% |
Total funding body grants | 8507989 | 100.0% |
# see relevant footnote in Notes to tables |
Tuition fees and education contracts
The total income for tuition fees and education contracts increased by 15.7% this year to £6.25 billion from £5.40 billion in 2006/07. New fee arrangements, which came into effect in 2006/07, contributed substantially to increases in this component of income in 2006/07 and 2007/08, and will do so again in 2008/09. The breakdown in Table F differs from that in years prior to 2006/07 because the previous breakdown is no longer compatible with the different fee systems in each of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Income from full-time Home/EU domiciled undergraduate students provided 45.2% of the income in this category, and that from overseas (non-EU) students provided 30.1%.
Table F - Income from tuition fees and education contracts 2007/08 | ||
---|---|---|
(£ thousands) | ||
% of total | ||
HE course fees | ||
Home & EU domicile students | ||
Full-time undergraduate | 2829052 | 45.2% |
Full-time postgraduate | 528128 | 8.4% |
Part-time undergraduate | 258351 | 4.1% |
Part-time postgraduate | 274640 | 4.4% |
Non-EU domicile students | 1880101 | 30.1% |
Sub-total HE course fees | 5770272 | 92.3% |
Non-credit-bearing course fees | 334314 | 5.3% |
FE course fees | 38008 | 0.6% |
Research training support grants | 111404 | 1.8% |
Total tuition fees & education contracts | 6253998 | 100.0% |
Research grants and contracts
Research grants and contracts increased by 10.2% this year to £3.72 billion from £3.38 billion in 2006/07. The Research Councils5 continue to be the largest providers by representing a 36.5% proportion of total research grants and contracts income.
Table G - Income from research grants and contracts 2007/08 | ||
---|---|---|
(£ thousands) | ||
% of total | ||
DIUS research councils | 1358179 | 36.5% |
UK based charities (open competitive process) | 707604 | 19.0% |
UK based charities (other) | 118180 | 3.2% |
UK central government bodies/local authorities, health & hospital authorities | 639304 | 17.2% |
UK industry, commerce & public corporations | 296067 | 8.0% |
EU government bodies | 279261 | 7.5% |
EU based charities (open competitive process) | 5589 | 0.2% |
EU industry, commerce & public corporations | 28391 | 0.8% |
EU other | 17821 | 0.5% |
Non-EU-based charities (open competitive process) | 58971 | 1.6% |
Non-EU industry, commerce & public corporations | 83300 | 2.2% |
Non-EU other | 75024 | 2.0% |
Other sources | 54190 | 1.5% |
Total research grants & contracts | 3721881 | 100.0% |
Other income
Income in this category increased by 9.6% this year to £4.45 billion from £4.06 billion in 2006/07.
Table H - Other income 2007/08 | ||
---|---|---|
(£ thousands) | ||
% of total | ||
Other services rendered | ||
UK central government bodies, local authorities, health & hospital authorities, EU government bodies | 491593 | 11.1% |
Other | 979263 | 22.0% |
Sub-total other services rendered | 1470856 | 33.1% |
Residences & catering operations (including conferences) | 1316079 | 29.6% |
Grants from local authorities | 8754 | 0.2% |
Income from health & hospital authorities (excluding teaching contracts for student provision) | 337991 | 7.6% |
Released from deferred capital grants | 107111 | 2.4% |
Income from intellectual property rights | 36908 | 0.8% |
Other operating income | 1170268 | 26.3% |
Total other income | 4447967 | 100.0% |
Expenditure
The 8.9% (£1,868 million) rise in expenditure to £22.9 billion as shown in Table I did not vary greatly as a percentage between the two largest components, of staff costs and other operating expenses. In 2007/08 there was a slightly larger percentage increase in depreciation, and the smallest percentage increase was in the smallest component, interest and other finance costs.
Table I - Expenditure, financial years ending 2007/08 and 2006/07(#5) | |||
---|---|---|---|
(£ thousands) | |||
2007/08 | 2006/07 | % change | |
Staff costs | 13135202 | 12156285 | 8.1% |
Other operating expenses | 8276341 | 7522148 | 10.0% |
Depreciation | 1187706 | 1070800 | 10.9% |
Interest and other finance costs | 285730 | 267402 | 6.9% |
Total | 22884979 | 21016635 | 8.9% |
# see relevant footnote in Notes to tables |
The percentage distribution of expenditure by activity within the total as shown in Table J has changed little from the previous year. Academic departments represent a 40.6% proportion of total expenditure and residences and catering operations represent a proportion of just 5.2%.
Table J - Distribution of expenditure by activity 2007/08 | ||
---|---|---|
(£ thousands) | ||
% of total | ||
Academic departments | 9283577 | 40.6% |
Academic services | 1752548 | 7.7% |
Administration & central services | 3251776 | 14.2% |
Premises | 2622216 | 11.5% |
Residences & catering operations (including conferences) | 1198238 | 5.2% |
Research grants & contracts | 3103588 | 13.6% |
Other expenditure | 1673036 | 7.3% |
Total expenditure | 22884979 | 100.0% |
The clinical medicine cost centre (£941 million, 10.1%) and business & management studies cost centre (£925 million, 10.0%) continue to have the largest shares of total expenditure on academic departments in 2007/08. Other shares of at least 5% are those of social studies (£729 million, 7.9%), design & creative arts (£609 million, 6.6%), nursing & paramedical studies (£579 million, 6.2%), education (£574 million, 6.2%), humanities & language-based studies6 (£538 million, 5.8%) and biosciences (£525 million, 5.7%). These numbers are derived from the Total UK row of Table 2d.
Staff data
The HESA Staff Record covers all academic and non-academic staff who have a contract of employment with a higher education institution (HEI) in the UK, or for whom the HEI is liable to pay Class 1 National Insurance contributions. Other staff, such as those employed under consultancy contracts, or on the basis of payment of fees for services but without a contract of employment, are not included in the record.
Within this record, staff designated as ‘academic’ include academic professionals who are responsible for preparing, directing and undertaking academic teaching and research within HE institutions and also medical practitioners, dentists, veterinarians and other health care professionals who undertake lecturing or research activities. By custom and practice, a small number of other staff who do not have direct responsibility for the delivery of either teaching or research, including some institutional officers, are also designated as ‘academic’. All other staff in HEIs are designated as ‘non-academic’, and are grouped in twelve categories. In some tabulations these are combined into three broad-brush groups.
The amount of information collected on individual members of staff depends on the staff category into which they fall. Academic staff are recruited within a national, or indeed international, market, but one that is specialised by subject area. It is of value to be able to identify patterns of career progression as staff move from institution to institution, and to compare staffing resources with teaching and research commitments and funding streams. For such staff, the full record is collected. By contrast, for clerical, secretarial and manual staff, recruitment is from the labour market local to each institution. Although the individual institution may need to monitor its staffing position in considerable detail, the national data requirement is very limited, and is focused mainly on equal opportunities monitoring. For staff in these categories, the data collection is limited to a subset of the fields in the full record.
A key feature of the HESA Staff Record is the format of collection. Data can be analysed in terms of both people and employment contracts. The record consists of two tables. The person table contains one record for each person employed by an institution during the reporting period and contains attributes of the individual such as birth date, gender and ethnicity. Each person’s employment with an institution will be governed by one or more legally-binding contracts and each contract that exists is recorded on the contract table. If a person has a single contract with the institution there will be one record on the person table and one record on the contract table. If a person has three contracts with an institution there will be one record on the person table and three records on the contract table.
Prior to 2003/04, the coverage and structure of HESA data collections on staff were very different, and caution is needed if it is desired to make meaningful comparisons between data from those collections, and from collections for 2003/04 onwards. Reference should be made to the 2003/04 or 2004/05 volumes for more details. From 2003/04 onwards, the only fundamental changes have been the inclusion of atypical staff, starting in 2004/05, and the revision of the cost centres, also introduced for 2004/05. Atypical staff are, broadly speaking, staff on contracts that qualify them for inclusion in the HESA Staff Record, but are not on a full-time or proportionate part-time basis. Such staff may be found throughout the sector, but form an important component of the total staffing in subject areas such as performing arts and fine art. There are some fields in the record where the exact definition of what is to be collected is still under discussion, and data from these fields is accordingly not yet available.
Analysis by staff grade is meaningful only where institutions have reported their staff within nationally recognised grade structures, or within internal grade structures that facilitate discrimination on a similar basis. Several institutions, including some large post-1992 universities, report their staff on a single grade structure lacking a separate category for the ‘Professor’ grade. Where this happens, Professors cannot be distinguished from staff on the Senior Lecturer (pre-1992) or Principal Lecturer (post-1992) grade, leading to Professors being zero-counted for those institutions and under-counted for the sector as a whole. This under-counting limits the scope of comparative analyses of the proportion of Professors within particular subject areas, by cost centres, by gender, and so on.
Summary of key points
In 2007/08 there were in total 248,025 (2006/07: 242,620; 2005/06: 237,920) full-time staff in the HE sector, of whom 46.0% (45.9%; 45.6%) were female, and 124,430 (121,540; 117,495) part-time staff, of whom 67.6% (67.5%; 67.8%) were female. Also, there were 192,230 (180,710; 165,560) atypical staff, of whom 51.3% (50.9%; 50.7%) were female. The increase in the number of atypical staff may be in part a reporting effect as institutions become progressively more familiar with this recently introduced reporting requirement.
Of all academic staff other than atypicals, 42.6% (42.3%; 41.9%) were female; for full time academic staff the proportion was 37.1% (36.8%; 36.6%) and for part-time academic staff, 53.7% (53.3%; 53.1%). The proportion of atypical academic staff who were female was 46.7% (46.5%; 46.7%).
The total (full-person-equivalent) number of academic staff other than atypicals was 174,945 (169,995; 164,875), of whom 116,495 (113,685; 111,410) were full-time, constituting 47.0% (46.9%; 46.8%) of all full-time staff, and 58,450 (56,310; 53,465) were part-time, constituting 47.0% (46.3%; 45.5%) of all part-time staff. There were 84,560 (85,000; 80,930) atypical academic staff, constituting 44.0% (47.0%; 48.9%) of all atypical staff. The number of full-time academic staff increased by 2.0% between 2005/06 and 2006/07, and by a further 2.5% between 2006/07 and 2007/08.
Of all full-time academic posts, 72.0% (71.6%; 71.8%) were wholly financed by the institutions themselves.
Teaching as a primary employment function was included in 71.0% (70.8%; 70.9%) of full-time and 88.1% (87.8%; 87.2%) of part-time academic posts.
The average age of full-time academic staff was 43.0 (42.9; 42.8), and 41.1% (41.1%; 40.7%) were aged over 45.
Ethnicity was reported for 90.8% (90.7%; 89.7%) of all full- and part-time staff. Of those of known ethnicity, 10.3% (9.9%; 9.6%) were drawn from ethnic minority groups. For academic staff the percentages were 89.7% (89.7%; 88.5%) and 11.4% (11.0%; 10.7%). Both the overall proportion of ethnic minority staff, and the pattern on which different ethnic minority groups were represented, varied considerably by staff group. Ethnicity was reported for 57.2% (51.8%; 47.7%) of atypical staff, and, of those of known ethnicity, 17.0% (16.0%; 15.7%) were from ethnic minority groups.
Disability status was reported for 92.6% (92.4%; 91.9%) of all full- and part-time staff, and of those of known disability status, 2.7% (2.6%; 2.4%) had a disability. For full- and part-time academic staff, the percentages were 92.4% (92.4%; 91.6%) and 2.3% (2.2%; 2.1%). For atypical staff, the percentages were 72.8% (75.7%; 73.7%) and 1.4% (1.3%; 1.2%).
Among full-time academic staff, the proportion of professors who were female was 18.6% (17.4%; 16.5%); of senior lecturers & researchers, 35.3% (34.0%; 30.8%); of lecturers, 43.0% (42.8%; 42.6%) and of researchers, 41.7% (41.6%; 42.1%).
Of all full-time academic staff, 26.2% (26.3%; 26.1%) were employed in medicine, dentistry, or health.
Of all research-only staff, 75.5% (77.8%; 84.7%) were employed on fixed-term contracts.
General
Table K shows the overall pattern of staffing in UK HEIs, including atypical staff.
Table K - All staff in all UK institutions by activity, mode of employment and gender(#3) 2007/08 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Full-time | Part-time | Atypical | |||||||||
Female | Male | Total | Female | Male | Total | Female | Male | Total | |||
All activities | 114070 | 133950 | 248025 | 84115 | 40315 | 124430 | 98615 | 92985 | 192230 | ||
Managers | 6370 | 6975 | 13350 | 1220 | 335 | 1555 | 285 | 460 | 740 | ||
Academic professionals | 43200 | 73295 | 116495 | 31385 | 27060 | 58450 | 39485 | 44865 | 84560 | ||
Non-academic professionals | 10695 | 9970 | 20665 | 4020 | 1150 | 5165 | 5670 | 6260 | 11940 | ||
Laboratory, engineering, building, IT & medical technicians (including nurses) | 6510 | 16300 | 22805 | 2960 | 1355 | 4315 | 2110 | 3105 | 5215 | ||
Student welfare workers, careers advisors, vocational training instructors, personnel & planning officers | 4230 | 1910 | 6140 | 2645 | 580 | 3225 | 4650 | 2810 | 7460 | ||
Artistic, media, public relations, marketing & sports occupations | 2350 | 1945 | 4295 | 1060 | 450 | 1505 | 2835 | 2215 | 5060 | ||
Library assistants, clerks & general administrative assistants | 25065 | 7450 | 32510 | 16575 | 3500 | 20075 | 27140 | 19780 | 47290 | ||
Secretaries, typists, receptionists & telephonists | 10435 | 845 | 11285 | 6445 | 460 | 6905 | 3210 | 2325 | 5540 | ||
Chefs, gardeners, electrical & construction trades, mechanical fitters & printers | 590 | 4115 | 4705 | 270 | 160 | 430 | 295 | 355 | 650 | ||
Caretakers, residential wardens, sports & leisure attendants, nursery nurses & care occupations | 1300 | 1680 | 2975 | 1390 | 760 | 2145 | 1640 | 1325 | 2965 | ||
Retail & customer service occupations | 375 | 200 | 575 | 500 | 150 | 650 | 1250 | 760 | 2010 | ||
Drivers, maintenance supervisors & plant operatives | 145 | 1075 | 1225 | 120 | 105 | 225 | 110 | 205 | 315 | ||
Cleaners, catering assistants, security officers, porters & maintenance workers | 2805 | 8190 | 10995 | 15530 | 4260 | 19785 | 9930 | 8525 | 18490 | ||
In this table 0, 1, 2 are rounded to 0. All other numbers are rounded up or down to the nearest multiple of 5. | |||||||||||
# see relevant footnote in Notes to tables |
In 2007/08 (that is, on 1 December 2007) there were in total 248,025 full-time staff, of whom 46.0% were female, 124,430 part-time staff, of whom 67.6% were female, and 192,230 atypical staff, of whom 51.3% were female. Of the full-time staff, 47.0% were academic (group 2 in detailed tabulations), 27.1% were managerial, professional and technical (groups 1, 3, 4, 5, 6), 17.7% were secretarial and clerical (groups 7, 8), and 8.3% were manual (groups 9, 10, 11, 12, 13). The corresponding figures for part-time staff were 47.0%, 12.7%, 21.7% and 18.7%, and for atypical staff, 44.0%, 15.8%, 27.5% and 12.7%. The numbers in Table K are full-person equivalents (headcounts, but apportioned across contracts where there are multiple contracts), not full-time equivalents (FTE; weighted by proportion relative to full-time), and for most purposes it is not useful to compare absolute numbers across the three different modes of employment because of the very different FTE weights involved. An extreme example is given by an atypical member of academic staff giving just a single class in the course of the year, who might have an FTE weight as low as 0.001. Even when comparing percentages of totals, it should be borne in mind that among part-time staff, and to an even greater extent among atypical staff, the FTE weighting of individuals varies greatly and may be correlated with the group into which they fall.
42.6% of all academic staff other than atypicals were female. Women comprised 37.1% of those working full-time and 53.7% of those working part-time. Of atypical academic staff, 46.7% were female.
Table L provides a breakdown of academic staffing in HE excluding atypicals. The reason for this exclusion is that the factors by which numbers are broken down in the rows of this table are not recorded for atypicals, with the exception of gender where the information is available in Table K. The coverage of Table L corresponds fairly closely to that of the table labelled as Table K in Resources volumes up to 2002/03. The non-clinical/clinical split can no longer be made, but from 2003/04 onwards it has become possible to identify staff on fixed-term contracts.
Table L - Summary of academic staff (excluding atypical) in all UK institutions 2007/08 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Full-time | Part-time | Total | |
Mode of employment | 116495 | 58450 | 174945 |
Gender(#3) | |||
Female | 43200 | 31385 | 74590 |
Male | 73295 | 27060 | 100355 |
Source of salary | |||
Wholly institutionally financed | 83835 | 51515 | 135350 |
Other sources of finance | 32660 | 6935 | 39595 |
Academic employment function | |||
Teaching only | 6795 | 36160 | 42950 |
Teaching & research | 75860 | 15355 | 91215 |
Research only | 32665 | 6625 | 39290 |
Neither teaching nor research | 1175 | 310 | 1485 |
Grade | |||
Professors | 16180 | 2110 | 18290 |
Senior lecturers & researchers | 31505 | 5450 | 36960 |
Lecturers | 29180 | 22710 | 51890 |
Researchers | 31875 | 6100 | 37975 |
Other grades | 7750 | 22075 | 29830 |
Terms of employment | |||
Open-ended/permanent | 84895 | 27695 | 112590 |
Fixed-term contract | 31600 | 30755 | 62355 |
In this table 0, 1, 2 are rounded to 0. All other numbers are rounded up or down to the nearest multiple of 5. | |||
# see relevant footnote in Notes to tables |
In 2007/08, the total number of academic staff other than atypicals employed by UK HEIs was 174,945, of whom 116,495, or 66.6% were in full-time employment. Because of the change from a session population to a 1 December population, these numbers cannot be compared with those published up to 2002/03, either in absolute or proportionate terms.
72.0% of full-time academic posts were wholly financed by the institutions themselves, this proportion rising to 88.1% for part-time posts.
71.0% of full-time academic posts and 88.1% of part-time academic posts included teaching as a primary employment function.
Inflow/outflow of academic staff
Tables 14a and 14b give details of the inflow and outflow of academic staff during the year. For a variety of reasons, it would be extremely difficult to draw out from those tables any easily understood human capital balance sheet for academic staff. Tables Mi and Mii achieve this by presenting numbers on a different basis, for headcount (used only in Tables Mi and Mii) rather than full-person-equivalent (used in all other contexts) academic staff only. This results in numbers that are slightly different from those in Table L.
Table Mi - Full-time academic staff inflows and outflows 2006/07 to 2007/08 Headcount | |
---|---|
Total | |
Full-time academic staff at 1 December 2006 | 113895 |
Full-time academic staff at 1 December 2006 who are part-time academic at 1 December 2007 | 3105 |
Full-time academic staff at 1 December 2006 who are neither full-time nor part-time academic at 1 December 2007 | 15240 |
of which.. | |
Other UK HEI | 2385 |
Not other UK HEI (outflow) | 12855 |
UK | 2325 |
Non-UK | 1235 |
Not in regular employment | 1120 |
Retirement | 960 |
Death | 90 |
Other/unknown | 7120 |
Full-time academic staff at 1 December in both years | 95550 |
Full-time academic staff at 1 December 2007 who were neither full-time nor part-time academic at 1 December 2006 | 18785 |
of which.. | |
Other UK HEI | 4870 |
Not other UK HEI (inflow) | 13915 |
UK | 6520 |
Non-UK | 4235 |
Not in regular employment | 305 |
Unknown | 2855 |
Full-time academic staff at 1 December 2007 who were part-time academic at 1 December 2006 | 2360 |
Full-time academic staff at 1 December 2007 | 116695 |
In this table 0, 1, 2 are rounded to 0. All other numbers are rounded up or down to the nearest multiple of 5. |
Table Mi involves linkage between the staff records for 2006/07 and 2007/08. Starting from the number of full-time academic staff as at 1 December 2006, the number who can also be identified as full-time at the same institution on 1 December 2007 is determined, as is the number who have moved from full-time to part-time mode at the same institution. The balance is the number that have left their previous institution (or are still there but are no longer full- or part-time academic staff) during the year. Similarly, the number of full-time academic staff as at 1 December 2007 is determined, as is the number who have moved from part-time-to full-time mode at the same institution. From this, the number that have joined their current institution from outside during the year (or become full-time academic staff from some status other than part-time academic staff) is derived. This provides the overall structure of the balance sheet. The (headcount) number of full-time academic staff has increased from 113,895 to 116,695 during the year, an increase of 2.5%. Of those in post as at 1 December 2007, 95,550, or 81.9%, were full-time (and a further 2,360, or 2.0%, were part-time) academic staff at the same institution a year previously.
Table Mii - Part-time academic staff inflows and outflows 2006/07 to 2007/08 Headcount | |
---|---|
Total | |
Part-time academic staff at 1 December 2006 | 57125 |
Part-time academic staff at 1 December 2006 who are full-time academic at 1 December 2007 | 2360 |
Part-time academic staff at 1 December 2006 who are neither full-time nor part-time academic at 1 December 2007 | 14840 |
of which.. | |
Other UK HEI | 625 |
Not other UK HEI (outflow) | 14220 |
UK | 1760 |
Non-UK | 210 |
Not in regular employment | 870 |
Retirement | 505 |
Death | 50 |
Other/unknown | 10820 |
Part-time academic staff at 1 December in both years | 39920 |
Part-time academic staff at 1 December 2007 who were neither full-time nor part-time academic at 1 December 2006 | 16335 |
of which.. | |
Other UK HEI | 2260 |
Not other UK HEI (inflow) | 14075 |
UK | 6685 |
Non-UK | 1045 |
Not in regular employment | 500 |
Unknown | 5850 |
Part-time academic staff at 1 December 2007 who were full-time academic at 1 December 2006 | 3105 |
Part-time academic staff at 1 December 2007 | 59360 |
In this table 0, 1, 2 are rounded to 0. All other numbers are rounded up or down to the nearest multiple of 5. |
Table Mii provides similar information for part-time academic staff, and is constructed on the same basis with, of course, part-time and full-time modes interchanged as between the two tables. The (headcount) number of part-time academic staff has increased from 57,125 to 59,360 during the year, an increase of 3.9%. Of those in post as at 1 December 2007, 39,920, or 67.3%, were part-time (and a further 3,105, or 5.2%, were full-time) academic staff at the same institution a year previously. These figures show much lower retention rates for part-time staff than for full-time staff, and, within institutions, more movement from full-time to part-time than in the reverse direction.
Although these tables also give breakdowns of starters and leavers, regrettably the very large proportion of unknowns, particularly in the case of leavers, means that no conclusions can safely be drawn from the breakdowns. For example, leavers going to other institutions in the HE sector and starters coming from other institutions in the HE sector might be expected to balance across the sector, although moves between full-time and part-time status will make this balance only approximate within each mode, but under-reporting has resulted in widely different numbers. For the same reason, it is unsafe to draw any conclusions about the ‘brain drain/gain’.
Atypical academic staff are, by definition, employed on a basis that makes it inappropriate to construct such a table for them.
Age of academic staff
Table N presents the age distribution of full-time academic staff by grade.
Table N - Full-time academic staff by grade and age 2007/08 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Professors | Senior lecturers & researchers | Lecturers | Researchers | Other grades | Total | |
25 & under | 0 | 10 | 160 | 1685 | 245 | 2105 |
26-30 | 15 | 495 | 2705 | 10260 | 715 | 14195 |
31-35 | 140 | 2135 | 5865 | 8625 | 820 | 17585 |
36-40 | 875 | 4990 | 5840 | 4800 | 825 | 17325 |
41-45 | 2385 | 6410 | 4705 | 2830 | 1080 | 17410 |
46-50 | 3130 | 5900 | 3810 | 1650 | 1255 | 15745 |
51-55 | 3490 | 5505 | 3110 | 1095 | 1275 | 14475 |
56-60 | 3900 | 4425 | 2235 | 640 | 1135 | 12335 |
61-65 | 2060 | 1570 | 710 | 240 | 360 | 4940 |
66 & over | 185 | 65 | 35 | 40 | 40 | 365 |
Unknown | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
Total | 16180 | 31505 | 29180 | 31875 | 7750 | 116495 |
In this table 0, 1, 2 are rounded to 0. All other numbers are rounded up or down to the nearest multiple of 5. |
Of those staff whose age was known, 41.1% were aged over 45 and 12.4% were aged between 51 and 55. 36.2% of senior lecturers & researchers were aged between 46 and 55, and 45.6% of professors were aged between 51 and 60. 79.6% of researchers were aged 40 years or under.
The average age of full-time academic staff was 43.0 and of part-time staff, 45.1 [from Table 23a]. The average age of atypical academic staff was 40.4 [from Table 23b].
Ethnicity of all staff
In Table P ethnicity is shown broken down by the four broad-brush staff groups and by mode of employment. The presentation of ethnicity data in this introductory section is not now limited to those of UK nationality, and this should be borne in mind if comparisons are made with figures published for years prior to 2003/04.
Table P - All staff by ethnicity and mode of employment 2007/08 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Staff of known ethnicity | Staff of known ethnicity as a percentage of total staff | Ethnic minority staff | Ethnic minority staff as a percentage of staff of known ethnicity | |
All staff (excluding atypical) | 372455 | 338145 | 90.8% | 34670 | 10.3% |
Academic staff | 174945 | 156895 | 89.7% | 17815 | 11.4% |
Full-time | 116495 | 106995 | 91.8% | 13255 | 12.4% |
Part-time | 58450 | 49900 | 85.4% | 4560 | 9.1% |
Non-academic staff total | 197515 | 181250 | 91.8% | 16855 | 9.3% |
Full-time | 131530 | 122345 | 93.0% | 10250 | 8.4% |
Part-time | 65985 | 58905 | 89.3% | 6605 | 11.2% |
Managerial, professional & technical staff | 83025 | 77155 | 92.9% | 6035 | 7.8% |
Full-time | 67255 | 62665 | 93.2% | 4945 | 7.9% |
Part-time | 15770 | 14490 | 91.9% | 1085 | 7.5% |
Clerical staff | 70775 | 65765 | 92.9% | 6400 | 9.7% |
Full-time | 43795 | 41380 | 94.5% | 3905 | 9.4% |
Part-time | 26980 | 24380 | 90.4% | 2495 | 10.2% |
Manual staff | 43715 | 38330 | 87.7% | 4420 | 11.5% |
Full-time | 20480 | 18295 | 89.3% | 1395 | 7.6% |
Part-time | 23235 | 20035 | 86.2% | 3025 | 15.1% |
Atypical staff | 192230 | 109885 | 57.2% | 18700 | 17.0% |
Academic | 84560 | 46600 | 55.1% | 5815 | 12.5% |
Non-academic | 107670 | 63285 | 58.8% | 12885 | 20.4% |
Managerial, professional & technical staff | 30415 | 18290 | 60.1% | 2835 | 15.5% |
Clerical staff | 52825 | 30340 | 57.4% | 6720 | 22.2% |
Manual staff | 24425 | 14655 | 60.0% | 3330 | 22.7% |
In this table 0, 1, 2 are rounded to 0. All other numbers are rounded up or down to the nearest multiple of 5. Percentages are not subject to rounding. |
Of all full- and part-time staff, 90.8% reported their ethnicity. The response rate did not vary greatly by staff group and mode of employment. Among staff of known ethnicity, the proportion from ethnic minority groups varied considerably, with greater representation among academic staff at 11.4% than among non-academic staff at 9.3%.
Ethnicity was reported for only 57.2% of atypical staff. This low proportion is probably a consequence of the newness of the reporting requirement, with institutional staff record systems not yet fully adapted to collect the necessary data at the time of appointment and retrospective collection from staff on such contracts being impracticable. It may be expected to increase substantially in future, and has already increased from 40.7% in 2004/05, that being the first year of availability of the data. Of those atypical staff of known ethnicity, 17.0% were from ethnic minority groups.
Charts 3i to 3iv show the percentages of those from ethnic minorities represented by each visible ethnic minority group, for each of these four groups of full- and part-time staff. Charts 3v and 3vi show the position for atypical staff, broken down between academic and non-academic staff. The pattern in each group is noticeably different.
Disability of all staff
Table Q presents information on disability in the same style as Table P; again, coverage now extends to all staff groups and is not limited to those of UK nationality.
Table Q - All staff by disability status and mode of employment 2007/08 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Staff of known disability status | Staff of known disability status as a percentage of total staff | Staff declared disabled | Disabled staff as a percentage of staff with known disability status | |
All staff (excluding atypical) | 372455 | 345020 | 92.6% | 9350 | 2.7% |
Academic staff | 174945 | 161565 | 92.4% | 3780 | 2.3% |
Full-time | 116495 | 108695 | 93.3% | 2495 | 2.3% |
Part-time | 58450 | 52870 | 90.5% | 1280 | 2.4% |
Non-academic staff total | 197515 | 183455 | 92.9% | 5570 | 3.0% |
Full-time | 131530 | 122935 | 93.5% | 3810 | 3.1% |
Part-time | 65985 | 60525 | 91.7% | 1765 | 2.9% |
Managerial, professional & technical staff | 83025 | 77885 | 93.8% | 2455 | 3.2% |
Full-time | 67255 | 63105 | 93.8% | 1965 | 3.1% |
Part-time | 15770 | 14780 | 93.7% | 490 | 3.3% |
Clerical staff | 70775 | 66220 | 93.6% | 1940 | 2.9% |
Full-time | 43795 | 41085 | 93.8% | 1210 | 2.9% |
Part-time | 26980 | 25135 | 93.2% | 730 | 2.9% |
Manual staff | 43715 | 39355 | 90.0% | 1175 | 3.0% |
Full-time | 20480 | 18745 | 91.5% | 635 | 3.4% |
Part-time | 23235 | 20605 | 88.7% | 545 | 2.6% |
Atypical staff | 192230 | 140015 | 72.8% | 1895 | 1.4% |
Academic | 84560 | 62970 | 74.5% | 800 | 1.3% |
Non-academic | 107670 | 77045 | 71.6% | 1095 | 1.4% |
Managerial, professional & technical staff | 30415 | 24600 | 80.9% | 360 | 1.5% |
Clerical staff | 52825 | 36250 | 68.6% | 445 | 1.2% |
Manual staff | 24425 | 16195 | 66.3% | 290 | 1.8% |
In this table 0, 1, 2 are rounded to 0. All other numbers are rounded up or down to the nearest multiple of 5. Percentages are not subject to rounding. |
Disability status was reported for 92.6% of all full- and part-time staff. Of those of known disability status, 2.7% had a disability. For full- and part-time academic staff, the percentages were 92.4% and 2.3%. For atypical staff the percentages were 72.8% and 1.4%
Funding, grade, and gender of full-time academic staff
Table R - Full-time academic staff in all UK institutions by source of salary, grade and gender(#3) 2007/08 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Source of salary | |||
Wholly institutionally financed | All other sources of finance | Total | |
Professors | 14695 | 1485 | 16180 |
Female | 2710 | 295 | 3005 |
Male | 11985 | 1195 | 13180 |
Senior lecturers & researchers | 29040 | 2465 | 31505 |
Female | 10130 | 990 | 11120 |
Male | 18910 | 1475 | 20385 |
Lecturers | 26540 | 2640 | 29180 |
Female | 11400 | 1160 | 12560 |
Male | 15140 | 1480 | 16620 |
Researchers | 7125 | 24745 | 31875 |
Female | 2935 | 10345 | 13280 |
Male | 4190 | 14405 | 18590 |
Other grades | 6430 | 1320 | 7750 |
Female | 2605 | 630 | 3235 |
Male | 3830 | 690 | 4520 |
Total | 83835 | 32660 | 116495 |
In this table 0, 1, 2 are rounded to 0. All other numbers are rounded up or down to the nearest multiple of 5. | |||
# see relevant footnote in Notes to tables |
Among full-time academic staff, 91.4% of professors, senior lecturers & researchers, and lecturers were wholly institutionally funded, with very little variation across these grades, whereas 22.4% of researchers were wholly institutionally funded. Within each grade there was very little variation by gender in the proportion of full-time academic staff who were wholly institutionally funded.
The proportion of full-time professors who were female was 18.6%; of senior lecturers & researchers, 35.3%; of lecturers, 43.0%; and of researchers, 41.7%.
Cost centre distribution of full-time academic staff
Table S - Full-time academic staff in all UK institutions by source of salary, gender(#3) and departmental cost centre 2007/08 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wholly institutionally financed | All other sources of finance | ||||||
Female | Male | Total | Female | Male | Total | ||
Cost centres | 29785 | 54050 | 83835 | 13420 | 19240 | 32660 | |
Medicine, dentistry & health | 8705 | 8405 | 17110 | 7090 | 6360 | 13445 | |
Agriculture, forestry & veterinary science | 420 | 810 | 1230 | 245 | 255 | 500 | |
Biological, mathematical & physical sciences | 2515 | 9065 | 11580 | 3230 | 6285 | 9515 | |
Engineering & technology | 1750 | 9770 | 11520 | 940 | 4130 | 5075 | |
Architecture & planning | 470 | 1410 | 1885 | 90 | 170 | 260 | |
Administrative, business & social studies | 6725 | 12310 | 19030 | 900 | 1060 | 1960 | |
Humanities & language based studies & archaeology | 3735 | 5385 | 9120 | 470 | 550 | 1020 | |
Design, creative & performing arts | 1645 | 2835 | 4480 | 65 | 100 | 160 | |
Education | 3200 | 3125 | 6320 | 290 | 195 | 485 | |
Academic services | 240 | 240 | 480 | 55 | 70 | 125 | |
Administration & central services | 375 | 690 | 1065 | 45 | 65 | 110 | |
Premises | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Residences & catering | 10 | 5 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
In this table 0, 1, 2 are rounded to 0. All other numbers are rounded up or down to the nearest multiple of 5. | |||||||
# see relevant footnote in Notes to tables |
36.6% of female and 20.1% of male full-time academic staff worked in medicine, dentistry & health. The biological, mathematical & physical science departments accounted for 20.9% of male full-time academic staff.
44.0% of full-time academic staff in medicine, dentistry & health and 45.1% in biological, mathematical & physical sciences were financed other than wholly by the institutions themselves. Cost centre groups with the fewest partially or wholly externally funded full-time academic staff were in the areas of design, creative and performing arts (3.5%), education (7.1%), administrative, business and social studies (9.3%), and humanities and language based studies and archaeology (10.1%), together with administration and central services (9.3%). The Definitions at the end of this volume describe the current cost centre groups, some of which differ from those used prior to 2004/05.
Pattern of employment of academic staff
Table T - Academic staff (excluding atypical) in all UK institutions by academic employment function, gender(#3), mode and terms of employment 2007/08 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Full-time | Part-time | ||||||
Open-ended/ permanent | Fixed-term contract | Total | Open-ended/ permanent | Fixed-term contract | Total | ||
Teaching only | 5380 | 1410 | 6795 | 15460 | 20695 | 36160 | |
Female | 2695 | 720 | 3415 | 8095 | 10375 | 18475 | |
Male | 2685 | 695 | 3380 | 7365 | 10320 | 17685 | |
Teaching & research | 70665 | 5195 | 75860 | 10465 | 4890 | 15355 | |
Female | 23620 | 2100 | 25720 | 6165 | 2155 | 8320 | |
Male | 47045 | 3095 | 50140 | 4300 | 2735 | 7035 | |
Research only | 7980 | 24685 | 32665 | 1655 | 4970 | 6625 | |
Female | 3240 | 10385 | 13625 | 1190 | 3225 | 4415 | |
Male | 4735 | 14300 | 19035 | 460 | 1745 | 2210 | |
Neither teaching nor research | 870 | 310 | 1175 | 110 | 200 | 310 | |
Female | 300 | 135 | 440 | 75 | 100 | 175 | |
Male | 565 | 170 | 740 | 35 | 100 | 135 | |
Total | 84895 | 31600 | 116495 | 27695 | 30755 | 58450 | |
In this table 0, 1, 2 are rounded to 0. All other numbers are rounded up or down to the nearest multiple of 5. | |||||||
# see relevant footnote in Notes to tables |
At 75.6% for full-time staff and 75.0% for part-time staff, fixed-term contracts were the norm among research-only staff regardless of mode of employment, although these percentages continue to fall. Among staff who had teaching responsibilities, the figures were 8.0% and 49.7% respectively, so fixed-term contracts were far commoner for part-time than for full-time teaching staff. For female staff who had teaching responsibilities, the figures were 9.7% and 46.8% respectively, so the proportion of full-time female teaching staff on fixed-term contracts was somewhat higher than that of male staff, whereas there was little difference in relative terms in the proportions for part-time staff.
84.2% of teaching-only staff were part-time, compared with 16.9% for research-only staff and 16.8% for staff with both teaching and research duties.
1 The number of English institutions in this volume is different from the number reported in some other HESA products because staff associated with University Campus Suffolk are not reported (this will change for 2008/09), and financial reporting for University Campus Suffolk takes place through its two parent institutions, The University of East Anglia and The University of Essex.
2 The number of Welsh institutions in this volume is different from the number reported in some other HESA products because of the inclusion of finance and staff data from The University of Wales (central functions), reported under the name ‘The University of Wales Registry’ prior to 2004/05.
3 Non-statutory publications omit any contribution from individuals who have notified HESA of their wish to be excluded in circumstances such as the publication of the present volume where inclusion is not defined as a requirement by the bodies whose statutory powers underpin HESA data collection.
4 The negative figures within ‘Intangible assets’ are attributable to negative goodwill within institutional accounts. The figures for ‘Endowment assets’ and ‘Endowments’ should be identical, but differ slightly because of a reporting error by one institution. This also occurred in 2006/07 in respect of a different institution, but was not commented on in a footnote in the volume for that year.
5 Statutory control of the Research Councils formerly rested with the Office of Science and Innovation within the Department for Trade and Industry, but, following Machinery of Government changes in mid-2007, has now been inherited by the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills.
6 Despite its name, this cost centre does not include modern languages, which is a separate cost centre.